人教全日制普通高中英语（必修）高一下19

[00:01.61]第19单元

[00:03.21]Modern agriculture

[00:04.94]现代农业

[00:06.66]Reading

[00:07.99]阅读

[00:09.33]MODERN AGRICULTURE

[00:11.05]现代农业

[00:12.77]For thousands of years traditional agriculture in China

[00:15.66]数千年来,中国传统的农业耕作方式

[00:18.55]did not change very much.

[00:20.32]变化不大.

[00:22.10]Most farms were one-family businesses.

[00:24.32]大多数的农田用单一化农作物的耕作模式.

[00:26.54]Although China is a very big country ,

[00:28.72]虽然中国幅员辽阔.

[00:30.90]only seven percent of the land can be used for farming.

[00:33.42]但仅有百分之七的土地适于耕种.

[00:35.94]It is on this arable 1 land

[00:37.84]就是在仅有适于耕种的土地上.

[00:39.73]that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.

[00:42.46]农民们为全中国的广大人口生产着粮食.

[00:45.19]Farmers in China have long used techniques such as

[00:47.82]中国的农民一直沿用技术诸如

[00:50.44]fertilization and irrigation to make their land produce more.

[00:53.52]施肥和灌溉等手段来提高土地产量.

[00:56.61]Over time,many farming techniques have been modernized 2:

[00:59.43]随着时间的推移,许多耕作技术已经现代化了.

[01:02.25]chemical fertilizers 3 are now used and electric pumps are used in irrigation.

[01:05.72]如今使用化肥和电力灌溉

[01:09.20]To make as much use of the land as possible,

[01:11.58]为了最有效利用土地资源.

[01:13.95]two or more crops are planted each year where possible.

[01:16.89]可能的地方每年要种植两种或更多的农作物.

[01:19.83]Rice,cotton and vegetable seeds are sometimes grown in special seedbeds

[01:23.85]有时,大米,棉花和蔬菜种子要在苗床培育

[01:27.88]before they are planted in the fields.

[01:29.86]然后移栽到农田中

[01:31.85]This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.

[01:35.48]这可以节省时间,让农民在每个季节里再种一茬作物.

[01:39.11]More advanced technical information was brought in from abroad in the 1980s.

[01:42.23]更先进的技术知识是从20世纪80年代,从国外引进.

[01:45.35]Import of technology and machines,

[01:47.39]科枝和机械的进口,

[01:49.43]and the international exchange of delegations 4

[01:51.95]以及国际间的交流

[01:54.47]have helped Chinese farmers improve their production.

[01:57.15]帮助中国农民增加了产量

[01:59.82]It was from the early 1990s

[02:01.90]从20世纪90年找初,

[02:03.98]that scientists started to develop new techniques

[02:06.25]科学家就开始开发新技术.

[02:08.52]to increase agricultural production

[02:10.65]农业增产

[02:12.78]without harming the environment.

[02:14.70]对环境无污染的

[02:16.62]Chemical fertilization,for example,

[02:18.80]例如,化肥

[02:20.98]help to produce better crops,but is harmful to the environment.

[02:23.80]有助于增产,但它对环境有害.

[02:26.63]New techniques should increase agricultural production

[02:29.26]新的技术必须既增加农业生产

[02:31.90]but also be friendly to the environment.

[02:33.87]又有益于环境.

[02:35.85]Future agriculture should depend on high technology

[02:38.63]未来的农业既必须依靠高科技

[02:41.41]as well as traditional methods.

[02:43.24]又要依靠传统的方式.

[02:45.07]Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment.

[02:48.45]粮食生产是重要的但保护环境同样重要.

[02:51.83]The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage 5 of arable land.

[02:54.85]目前,中国农民面临最大的问题是缺乏适于耕种的土地.

[02:57.87]Using the latest technologies,

[02:59.75]利用最新技术,

[03:01.63]Chinese scientists grow vegetables in greenhouses 6.

[03:04.06]中国科学家已能在温室种植蔬菜

[03:06.49]The roots of these vegetables are not planted in earth

[03:08.97]这些蔬菜不是植根于土

[03:11.45]but hang in water that contains all the nutrients 7 they need to grow.

[03:14.27]而是吊挂在含有它们生长所需的各种营养水中.

[03:17.09]Today,many vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses

[03:20.58]如今,许多蔬菜不是生长在菜园里而是长在温室里.

[03:24.07]where they are protected from the wind,rain and insects.

[03:26.99]他们不受到风雨和害虫的侵袭

[03:29.92]The temperature is controlled with computers,

[03:32.35]温室里的温度由电脑控制,

[03:34.78]no matter how the weather is outsidea

[03:39.04]Another technique tries to create plants that produce more and bigger fruit.

[03:42.17]另外一项技术是试图开发能够结出更多更大水果植物

[03:45.31]In 1993,a kind of tomato was developed

[03:48.23]1993年,一种西红柿问世了

[03:51.16]that was very different from any grown before.

[03:53.39]那是与普通品种迥然不同的

[03:55.62]It was developed using a technique known as GM.

[03:58.20]它的开发靠的是一种叫做GM的技术.

[04:00.77]"G" stands for"genetically 8 "from the word "genes 9".

[04:04.01]G代表"基因",源自"基因一词,

[04:07.25]"M" stands for"modified 10",which means "changed".

[04:10.36]"M"代表"变更"

[04:13.47]In other words,the way tomatoes grow from a natural seed is changed.

[04:16.74]换句话说,西红柿从自然种籽生长的方式改变了

[04:20.02]The new tomatoes are bigger and healthier.

[04:22.30]新的西红柿更大,更健康.

[04:24.57]They can grow without danger from diseases 11.

[04:26.79]这样的西红柿不会受到疾病的威胁.

[04:29.01]They also need much less time to get ripe.

[04:31.44]而且,它们生长成熟所需的时间要少得多.

[04:33.87]The tomato is one of nearly 4,500 different plants

[04:37.04]西红柿是大约4500个不同品种

[04:40.22]that are genetically modified.

[04:41.95]转基因植物中一例

[04:43.69]In China,about one hundred research stations

[04:46.37]在中国，有大约100个研究所

[04:49.04]are now doing GM research to make better tomatoes,cotton,tobacco,

[04:52.87]正在从事转基因的探索工作，以研制更好的西红柿，棉花烟草

[04:56.70]green peppers,flowers,watermelons,soybeans,fish and of course rice.

[05:01.37]青椒，花卉，西瓜，大豆，鱼，当然还有水稻。

[05:06.05]A variety of GM watermelons will be seedless

[05:08.62]有一种转基因的西瓜将是无籽的

[05:11.20]and there is GM rice sometimes called "golden rice",

[05:14.28]还有一种转基因水稻，有时称作“黄金水稻。

[05:17.36]which will have more vitamins and can grow in poor soil.

[05:20.18]它将富含维他命并可以在较为贫瘠的土豪中生长。

[05:23.00]INTEGRATING SKILLS

[05:26.94]综合技能

[05:30.87]Reading and writing

[05:32.34]读，写

[05:33.82]FARMING AND GARDENING

[05:35.65]农业和园艺业

[05:37.48]Agriculture has a long history in China.

[05:39.80]农业在中国有很长的历史.

[05:42.13]Much of the wisdom discovered by early Chinese scientists

[05:44.79]早期中国科学家积累的许多很多经验和知识

[05:47.45]is still useful for farmers and gardeners today.

[05:49.99]在今天仍然对农民和园艺工人很有裨益

[05:52.52]One of China's early agricultural scientists was Jia Sixie.

[05:55.45]贾思勰是中国最早的农业科学家之一

[05:58.37]Who lived in the sixth century AD.

[06:00.41]他生活在公元6世纪,

[06:02.45]He was born in Yidu,Shangdong Province.

[06:04.72]他出生在山东益都.

[06:06.99]He spent his time on research into agriculture.

[06:09.41]他毕生从事农业研究

[06:11.83]He collected information,studied it,

[06:14.24]他收集信息,研究资料,

[06:16.66]did experiments and learnt from the experiences of farmers.

[06:19.89]进行实验,并向农民学习取经.

[06:23.11]Around 540 AD,he wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu.

[06:26.30]公元540年左右,他写了一本叫做《齐民要术》的书,

[06:29.49]The book is about both farming and gardening.

[06:31.81]这本书谈耕作和园艺

[06:34.14]It includes advice on the following subjects:

[06:36.56]它包含对以下课题的提议:

[06:38.99]growing green vegetables and fruit trees,

[06:41.42]蔬菜果树的栽培,

[06:43.85]keeping cows,sheep and fish in lakes.

[06:46.58]牛羊的饲养,湖泊养鱼

[06:49.31]There are also instructions for making wine.

[06:51.49]书中还说明了如何酿酒.

[06:53.68]For centuries after Jia Sixie died,

[06:56.39]在贾思勰去世后的许多世纪中,

[06:59.11]his book was studied by Chinese farmers and students of farming.

[07:02.19]在国农民和农业专业的学生还在学习他的这本书.

[07:05.27]Jia Sixie's book is a practical guide to farming.

[07:07.94]贾思勰的书是耕作的实用指南.

[07:10.60]Firstly,as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year.

[07:13.87]首先,作为农民,应该不违农时.

[07:17.13]If you sow seeds and grow young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year,

[07:20.71]如果你播种和育苗都很适时

[07:24.29]your work will be less and the results will be better.

[07:26.88]你就会花的劳动少而收效大.

[07:29.46]But if you go against the nature

[07:31.34]但是如果你违反自然法则

[07:33.22]and do things atthe wrong time of the year,

[07:35.25]不适时耕作,

[07:37.27]you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.

[07:40.15]你就费力大而且收获少.

[07:43.02]The condition of the soil is also very important.

[07:45.59]土壤的条件也很重要.

[07:48.17]Examine the soil on your farm carefully.

[07:50.44]仔细观察土壤.

[07:52.71]If the condition of your soil is not good,you should improve it.

[07:55.74]如果土壤条件不好,你就应当改良它

[07:58.77]Before sowing or planting crops,

[08:00.81]在播种庄稼之前,

[08:02.85]rough ground must be cleaned and weeds removed.

[08:05.72]先平整土地,清除杂草

[08:08.59]Let sheep or cows walk on the land.

[08:10.97]让牛羊在地里走过.

[08:13.35]The animals will destroy the weeds or eat them.

[08:15.62]牛羊会把杂草踩死或吃掉

[08:17.89]The land should also be ploughed,so weeds are destroyed.

[08:21.07]还应当用犁耕地,以除杂草.

[08:24.24]When you plough the soil,

[08:25.91]耕地时,

[08:27.59]plough deep the first time and less deep the second time.

[08:30.51]第一次要深耕,第二次要浅耕.

[08:33.44]So the autumn ploughing should be deeper than the spring ploughing.

[08:36.08]因此秋耕要比春耕深

[08:38.71]The best harvest is reached when farmers change the crops in their fields.

[08:42.19]当农民变换地里的作物时,就会获得好收成.

[08:45.66]For example,do not plant rice year after year in the same field.

[08:49.04]例如,不要年复一年地在同一块地里种稻谷.

[08:52.43]But if you plant rice in a field one year

[08:54.79]如果在一块地里一年种稻谷

[08:57.16]and wheat in the field the next year,you will harvest good crops.

[09:00.13]第二年种小麦,你就会获得好收成.

[09:03.11]Other scientists

[09:04.64]别的科学家

[09:06.17]said that wheat should be planted with space between the plants,

[09:09.05]说小麦栽培株距应当大些

[09:11.94]but Jia did experiments and showed that planting wheat close together is better.

[09:15.27]然而.贾思勰作了实验,证明小麦种得密一点更好.

[09:18.60]He also said that it is good to grow different plants

[09:21.38]他也说种不同的植物效果好

[09:24.17]next to each other in the same field.

[09:26.14]在同一块地

[09:28.11]Work book

[09:31.85]练习

[09:35.58]Unit 19

[09:37.11]第19单元

[09:38.64]Modern agriculture

[09:40.31]现代农业

[09:41.98]Integrating skills

[09:43.67]综合技能

[09:45.35]Reading

[09:46.63]阅读

[09:47.91]Greeting the hills

[09:51.36]The village people of Zhuozuo in Southwest China love their trees.

[09:54.63]中国西南部Zhuozuo村的人民喜欢他们的树

[09:57.89]Trees grow everywhere on all the hills around the village.

[10:00.97]这村子周围山上每个地方都种了树

[10:04.06]Even in the village itself,young trees are growing.All of this is new.

[10:07.97]甚至村庄本身,小树在正在生长.全部都是刚种的.

[10:11.89]In the past there were no trees left in or around the village.

[10:15.28]在过去,这村庄周围没有一棵树留下

[10:18.66]Trees were cut down,but none were planted.

[10:21.32]这些树都被砍掉了,并没有人去种植

[10:23.99]When it rained,the soil was washed away down the hills and into the rivers.

[10:28.21]当下雨时,山上的泥土被冲到河里去了

[10:32.42]As a result of this,there may be problems,

[10:35.39]结果,这里出现了许多问题

[10:38.35]such as floods,sand storms or droughts 12.

[10:40.99]譬如,水灾,沙尘暴或干旱

[10:43.63]The time has come to repair the damage that was done to the environment.

[10:46.96]这次是为了补救他们对环境的毁坏

[10:50.29]That does not always have to be difficult or expensive.

[10:53.07]不能总是那样做,那是很困难并发费很大.

[10:55.86]Hu Meiying from Zhuozuo village in Guizhou Province,

[10:58.89]来自贵州省Zhuozuo村的胡美英

[11:01.92]realised that the environment was damaged

[11:04.25]他意识到环境遭到破坏

[11:06.59]because farmers had been cutting down too many trees.

[11:09.52]因为农民砍下了太多树木

[11:12.44]Cutting down trees and selling the wood

[11:14.66]贫困的农民砍下树并出售木头

[11:16.89]was the only way for poor farmers to make some money and feed their families.

[11:20.41]只是为了赚些钱来养家扶口

[11:23.94]Meiying decided 13 to take 3.2 hectares of land and planted pear trees and tea.

[11:28.26]美英决定用3.2公顷的田土来种植梨树和茶树

[11:32.58]After about three years,her work planting trees

[11:35.51]几年过后,她种植树木的工作

[11:38.44]had turned barren 14 land green again.

[11:40.66]使这荒地再次变绿

[11:42.88]She then organised 263 neighbours,all women from the villages around,

[11:46.90]她组织263位邻居,这村庄所有的妇女

[11:50.92]to do the same.

[11:52.50]来种植树木

[11:54.08]They planted over 130,000 trees.

[11:56.92]她们种了130,000棵树.

[11:59.75]Meiying held village meetings and explained to the people

[12:02.78]美英举行了村委会向人们解释

[12:05.81]how important it is to take care of the woods.

[12:08.19]保护树木的重要性

[12:10.57]People are not allowed to cut down trees when they are still small.

[12:13.53]当这些树很少时,不允许砍它们

[12:16.50]Everyone obeys the rules.

[12:18.39]每天都尊守这规则

[12:20.28]As a result,all the hills surrounding their village

[12:23.01]结果,他们村子周围的山上

[12:25.74]are now covered with green trees.

[12:27.93]现在全部被绿树覆盖了

[12:30.11]To the villagers'great joy,

[12:32.03]这对村民们来说是很开心的乐事

[12:33.95]the tree and tea crops are also bringing in money to them.

[12:39.17]这树上的果实,茶叶也给他们赚了很多钱