时间:2019-01-09 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

 英语和汉语在否定的表达形式上存在着许多差异,我国学生往往会以中国人的思维方式和习惯用法去套英语,这样在汉译英时难免会出现一些错误。部分常见的错误举例如下:


1、未经允许,任何人不得入内。
误:Anybody can not come in without permission.
正:Nobody can come in without permission.
“任何……不”是汉语中常用的否定句式,而在英语中与any构成的合成词或被any修饰的词语作主语时,谓语动词不能用否定式,因此any ... not的表达形式不符合英语的习惯。翻译这类句子时须用“否定形式的主语+肯定形式的谓语”。但当any的合成词或any所修饰的词带有后置定语时,谓语可以用否定式,如:
干那种事的人都是不诚实的。
Anyone who does that isn't honest.
2、听到这个消息后,没有一个人不感到兴奋。
误:Having heard the news, nobody did not feel excited.
正:Having heard the news, everybody felt excited.
汉语中常用“没有+主语+不+谓语”这一双重否定的结构,而英语中否定形式的主语习惯上不能与否定形式的谓语连用。因此nobody... not的结构不符合英语的表达习惯。翻译这类句子时,(1)可把主语和谓语都改成肯定形式;(2)也可用另一结构的双重否定式:there be +否定的主语 + 否定形式的定语从句,如:
There was nobody who did not feel excited.
或:There was nobody but felt excited.
3、这两本书都不是英国出版的。
误:Both of the books are not published in England.
正:Neither of the books is published in England.
我不同意所有这些方案。
误:I don't agree to all these projects.
正:I agree to none of these projects.
或:I don't agree to any of these projects.
英语中的概括词all, every, both, 以及与every 构成的合成词,用语否定句式时,只表示部分否定,常译成“并非……都”,因此两个错误译句的含义分别为:并非两本书都是英国出版的,并非所有这些方案我都同意。要表达全部否定意义时,英语须用全否定词语,如none,neither,
no, nobody, nothing, not ... any, not ... either等。
4、这台车床不能再用了,那台也一样。
误:This lathe 1 can not be used any longer, and that one can't, too.
正:This lathe can not be used any longer, and that one cna't either.
或:This lathe can not be used any longer , neither (nor) can that one.
否定句中的“也”不能译成too,而须用either,或用neither(nor)的倒装句型。
5、你不必为你的军衔和薪金担心。
误:You won't have to worry about rank and pay.
正:You won't have to worry about rank or pay.
在肯定句中用and来连接两个并列成分,表示“和”,但在否定句中and应改为or, 这时否定词对or的前后部分同时加以否定。
6、这些规章制度多不完善!
误:How not perfect the rules and regulations 2 are!
正:How imperfect the rules and regulations are!
汉语中的感叹句可用否定式,如:多不光彩呀!多不容易呀!而英语中的感叹句不能用否定式,我们可用反义词或带有否定词缀的词来表示。
7、我认为这不值得一试。
误:I think this is not worth trying.
正:I don't think this is worth trying.
英语中表臆想、猜测的动词think, believe, fancy 3, expect, guess, imagine, suppose等,如果带有否定的宾语从句,宾语从句中的否定词通常提前,用来否定主句的谓语动词。尤其是think, 按习惯用法,否定词只能置于think前。
8、他来这儿不是为了求得我们的帮助。
误:He came here not to ask us for help.
正:He did not come here to ask us for help.
否定状语时,英语中的否定词一般不直接置于被否定词语前,通常置于谓语动词前。只有当两个部分加以对比时,即“不是……而是”时,否定词才可直接置于状语前。如:
他来这儿不是为了求得我们的帮助,而是来给我们提供一些信息。
He came here not to ask us for help, but to give us some information.
即使在这一结构中,英语还是常把否定词置于谓语动词前。
9、他的设计肯定还没完成。
误:He mustn't have completed his design.
正:He can't have completed his design.
对比较有把握的推测,肯定句中用must,而否定句中用can't,对过去的推测,在must和can't后接完成形式。

n.车床,陶器,镟床
  • Gradually she learned to operate a lathe.她慢慢地学会了开车床。
  • That lathe went out of order at times.那台车床有时发生故障。
规程; 规章; 守则; 条例; 管理( regulation的名词复数 ); 控制; 规章; 规则
  • The new regulations will not make an appreciable difference to most people. 新的规定对大多数人将无大影响。
  • The company was found guilty of contravening safety regulations. 那家公司被判违反了安全条例。
n.想像力,幻想;喜好,爱;adj.想像的,时髦的,华丽装饰的,奢侈的;技巧的;vt.想象,自认为,喜好
  • He seemed to have taken quite a fancy to her.他似乎相当喜欢她。
  • I have a fancy that it's going to rain.我想大概要下雨。
标签: 否定句
学英语单词
abductor ventralis muscle
acta
Ad Dukaydik
aerothermochemist
avon
basic categories of soil classification
be brought on the carpet
binding attachment
blow doors
bought in
brain surgeons
bryozoan
catches fire
class Cyanobacteria
clastobryum glabrescens
communistery
conchairamine
conjugate diametral plane
courtesy phone
cyclohexanone resin
direction to a jury
distance along the quasiorthogonal
doryl
dumb card
dye penetrant process
eakleite (xonotlite)
ecclesiasts
eddylike
elevon area
emptyish
energy-transfer equation
entrepreurialism
Ephedra rhytidosperma
erre
evaluation of merchandise
even grained texture
field check
frequency range expanding method
generalized Ohm's law
genter
genus bombaxes
Ghilarza
God's bones
graylisting
Hastie, William Henry
heidepriem
heterofermentangium
hinge type connection rod
induction type ammeter
Joule-Thomson valve
let there be
linearly polarized light output
loose-lifting piston
Lukovit
lusader
madryam
magnetoelectric transducer
maladie du sommeil
metal faced joinery
Mezzanego
mis-fired
Mlles.
Neu-Anspach
normal bonded-phase chromatography
Oratorio San Antonio
ovarian condition
package policy
pill mass roller
pindicks
plastic wax
Prehensile-Tailed
primapterin
printed circuit wiring
product motives
projectile-vomiting
pupping
reefous
roundness grade
routineness
scope of repairing course
second doctor
Serpentine Hot Springs
shofars
sodium tetraphosphate
spunking up
Stew in your own juices
stimulation therapy
syncephalis formosana
Tazolé
TDM bus switching
temperature-induced
the crown of the year
the watches of the night
tradeable
trellis post
trench mouths
tricuspid valves
two-cycle coast
unduly burdensome
vasa sanguinea retinae
Winthrop Harbor
wittner