Teaching and Learning 主谓一致
时间：2019-01-09 作者：英语课 分类：英文语法词汇
二、主谓一致
历届高考例题
1）On the wall ______ two large portraits 1.
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging
2）Few airports in the world is as modern as that of Atlanta.
A B C D
3）Not every student in all the classes know the importance of
A B
mastering the English language.
C D
4）The reason why they can produce more tennis balls are that
A B C
they have gained more experience.
D
5）“News of victories 2 ____ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said.
A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept
6）There ________ a lot of milk in the bottle.
A. are B. is C. were D. has
7）Although many of the houses in the small town are still in need
A
of repair there have been much improvement 3 in their appearance 4.
B C D
8）Zhang's family _____ rather big, with twelve people in all.
A. is B. are C. being D. was
分析
1）可数名词作句子主语时，其谓语动词要视主语的单复数而定，例句1的主语与谓语倒装，为复数形式，故正确答案应为B；例句2的主语为few airports, 为复数，所以应选B，改为are；例句3的主语为every student, 为单数，故应选B，改为knows；例句4的主语为The reason, 虽然它有其定语从句修饰，但影响其谓语动词与主语保持数的一致的原则，故选B。改为is。但是当名词词组虽然形式上是复数，但表示一段时间，一段距离，一笔钱等整体概念时，谓语动词用单数，如
Ten days is not enough for me to finish this job. 十天对我来说，要完成这项工作是不够的。
Three miles is a long walk. 三英里是一段很长的步行路程。
2）例句5,6,7中的主语分别为news, milk
improvement,均为不可数名词，故其谓语动词也应该为单数形式正确答案为B、B、C其中例句7的C应该改为has been。
3）例句8中的主语为family，在本句中family 作一整体，即“家庭”谓语动词为单数 is,若family强调家庭成员，其谓语动词则应为复数形式，如：
Zhang's family are all enjoying TV张家全家正在看电视。
但是people, police, cattle 5 等作主语时，其谓语动词总用复数；如：
The police are looking into the case. 警察正在调查此案。
历届高考例题：
9）Nobody but Jane _____ the secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known 6 D. is known
10）All but one _____ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
11）A library with five thousand books _____ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
12）Mary said that she as well as some of her friends were going
A B C
to move to California 7.
D
分析
以上四句主谓一致的考点为主语后接介词短语与主语后接as well as 引导的词组时的让谓一致关系。
1）当主语后接but, with，together with, along with, except等时，谓语动词仍与主语保持数的一致，不受介词与其后的词组的影响，所以同9,10,11的正确答案分别为B、D、A
2）若主语后接as well as, 或rather than 或more than等引导的词组时，谓语动词也与主语的数保持一致，所以句12应选c，改为was going move.
历届高考例题
13）Not only I but also Jane and Mary ＿＿＿＿＿ tired of having one examination 8 after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
16）Neither my sister nor I are expected to act in the play.
A B C D
分析
以上两句的考点为由not only…but also, neither…nor…连接的并列主语的主谓一致关系。
并列主语的谓语动词，一般采用“就近原则”谓语动词的数与最近的主语的数保持一致，这样的并列连词还有either…or…,or,及there be 句型均按此原则，故句13,14的正确答案分别为B、B其中14的B应改为am。
历届高考例题：
15）What I shall miss most badly are those happy hours we spent together.
A B C D
分析：复数情况下，主语为从句时，句子的谓语动词为单数形式，故应C，改为is。
- Jenny was taken aback by some of the portraits. 其中一些肖像画使詹妮大吃一惊。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- These portraits are great pieces of paint. 这肖像画都是艺术精品。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The team chalked up the ten victories against two defeats. 该队赢10场输2场。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Bush has racked up victories in another five states. 布什在另外五个州又获得了胜利。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The doctor noticed a gradual improvement in his patient.医生注意到病人在逐渐恢复健康。
- I can detect signs of improvement in your thinking.我可以察觉出你思考问题方面的进步。
- In appearance, he was a little like his father.他看起来有点像他的父亲。
- She was a young woman of good appearance.她是一位年轻貌美的女子。
- He has twenty head of cattle on the farm.他在农场养了20头牛。
- On big farms cattle are usually stamped with brands.在大农场，牲畜通常是打烙印的。
- He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
- He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。
- He was elected governor of the state of California.他当选为加州州长。
- We were driving on a California freeway.我们正沿着加利福尼亚的一条快车道驾车行驶。
- Teachers always judge their students on the final examination.老师常根据期末考试来评价他们的学生。
- He put up a good show in the final examination.他在期末考试中表现得不错。