中美元首气候变化联合声明(双语)

 　　中美元首气候变化联合声明(双语)

　　U.S.-China Joint 1 Presidential Statement on Climate Change
　　中美元首气候变化联合声明
　　September 25, 2015, Washington D.C.
　　2015年9月25日于华盛顿特区
　　1. In November 2014, President Barack Obama and President Xi Jinping stood together in Beijing to make a historic U.S.-China Joint Announcement on Climate Change, emphasizing their personal commitment to a successful climate agreement in Paris and marking a new era of multilateral climate diplomacy 2 as well as a new pillar in their bilateral 3 relationship. On the occasion of President Xi’s State Visit to Washington, D.C., the two Presidents reaffirm their shared conviction that climate change is one of the greatest threats facing humanity and that their two countries have a critical role to play in addressing it. The two Presidents also reaffirm their determination to move ahead decisively to implement 4 domestic climate policies, to strengthen bilateral coordination 5 and cooperation, and to promote sustainable development and the transition to green, low-carbon, and climate-resilient economies.
　　一、习近平主席和贝拉克·奥巴马总统于2014年11月在北京一起发表了历史性的中美气候变化联合声明，突出表明两位元首致力于在巴黎达成一项成功的气候协议，标志着多边气候外交的新时代和两国双边关系的新支柱。值此习近平主席到华盛顿进行国事访问之际，两国元首重申坚信气候变化是人类面临的最重大挑战之一，两国在应对这一挑战中具有重要作用。两国元首还重申坚定推进落实国内气候政策、加强双边协调与合作并推动可持续发展和向绿色、低碳、气候适应型经济转型的决心。
　　Vision for the Paris Climate Conference:
　　巴黎气候大会展望
　　2. The two Presidents reaffirm the U.S.-China Joint Announcement on Climate Change of November 12, 2014. Recalling the Durban mandate 6 to adopt a protocol 7, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention applicable to all Parties, they strengthen their resolve to work together and with others toward an ambitious, successful Paris outcome that furthers the implementation 8 of the objective of the Convention, mindful of the below 2 degree C global temperature goal.
　　二、中美两国元首重申2014年11月12日发表的中美气候变化联合声明。两国元首忆及关于达成一项在公约下适用于所有缔约方的议定书、其他法律文书或具有法律效力的议定成果的德班授权，坚定决心携手并与其他国家一道努力，达成一项富有雄心、圆满成功的巴黎成果，在考虑2℃以内全球温度目标的同时，推进落实公约目标。
　　3. They reaffirm their commitment to reach an ambitious agreement in 2015 that reflects the principle of common but differentiated 9 responsibilities and respective capabilities 10, in light of different national circumstances. They further consider that differentiation 11 should be reflected in relevant elements of the agreement in an appropriate manner.
　　三、两国元首重申致力于达成富有雄心的2015年协议，体现共同但有区别的责任和各自能力原则，考虑到不同国情。双方进一步认为应以恰当方式在协议相关要素中体现“有区别”。
　　4. Both sides support the inclusion in the Paris outcome of an enhanced transparency system to build mutual 12 trust and confidence and promote effective implementation including through reporting and review of action and support in an appropriate manner. It should provide flexibility 13 to those developing countries that need it in light of their capacities.
　　四、双方支持巴黎成果中包含有强化的透明度体系，以建立相互间的信任和信心，并包括通过恰当方式对行动和支持进行报告和审评以促进成果的有效实施。该体系应为依能力而需要灵活性的发展中国家提供灵活性。
　　5. The United States and China welcome the enhanced actions reflected in the intended nationally determined 14 contributions communicated by each other and by other Parties.
　　五、中美两国欢迎彼此及其他缔约方所通报国家自主贡献中提出的强化行动。
　　6. The two sides recognize that Parties’ mitigation efforts are crucial steps in a longer-range effort needed to transition to green and low-carbon economies and they should move in the direction of greater ambition over time. Further, the United States and China underscore the importance of formulating 15 and making available mid-century strategies for the transition to low-carbon economies, mindful of the below 2 degree C global temperature goal. Both sides also emphasize the need for global low-carbon transformation 16 during the course of this century.
　　六、双方认识到缔约方的减排努力是向绿色低碳经济转型所需长期努力的重要步骤，并应于未来持续提高力度。此外，中美双方强调制定和公布考虑2℃以内全球温度目标的本世纪中期低碳经济转型战略至关重要。双方还强调需要在本世纪内进行全球低碳转型。
　　7. Both sides stress the importance of adaptation. The Paris agreement should accord greater prominence 17 and visibility to adaptation, including by recognizing that it is a key component 18 of the long-term global response to climate change, in terms of both preparing for the unavoidable impacts of climate change and enhancing resilience. The agreement should encourage Parties to work at both the national and international levels to build resilience and reduce vulnerability. It should provide for regular, high-level focus on adaptation.
　　七、双方强调适应的重要性。巴黎协议应更加重视和突出适应问题，包括认可适应是全球长期应对气候变化的关键组成部分，既要针对不可避免的气候变化影响做好准备，又要提高适应力。协议应鼓励缔约方在本国和国际层面打造适应力并减少脆弱性。协议应建立对适应问题的常态和高级别关注。
　　8. The two sides reaffirm that, in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation, developed countries committed to a goal of mobilizing jointly 19 USD 100 billion a year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries and that this funding would come from a wide variety of sources, public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative sources of finance. They underscore the importance of continued, robust 20 financial support beyond 2020 to help developing countries build low-carbon and climate-resilient societies. They urge continued support by developed countries to developing countries and encourage such support by other countries willing to do so.
　　八、双方重申，在有意义的减缓行动和具备实施透明度的背景下，发达国家承诺到2020年每年联合动员1000亿美元的目标，用以解决发展中国家的需要。该资金将来自各种不同来源，其中既有公共来源也有私营部门来源，既有双边来源也有多边来源，包括替代性资金来源。双方强调，2020年后继续提供强有力的资金支持对于帮助发展中国家建设低碳和气候适应型社会至关重要。双方敦促发达国家继续向发展中国家提供支持，并鼓励其他愿意这样做的国家提供支持。
　　9. The two sides also recognize the crucial role of major technological 21 advancement 22 in the transition to green and low-carbon, climate-resilient and sustainable development and affirm the importance of significant increases in basic research and development in the coming years both within their own economies and globally.
　　九、双方还认识到重大技术进步在向绿色低碳、气候适应型和可持续发展转型中的关键作用，并确认今后几年在各自国内和全球范围内大幅增加基础研发至关重要。
　　Advancing Domestic Climate Action:
　　推进国内气候行动
　　10. The United States and China are committed to achieving their respective post-2020 actions as announced in last November’s Joint Announcement. Since that time, both countries have taken key steps toward implementation and are committing to continue intensifying 23 efforts, which will substantially promote global investment in low-carbon technologies and solutions.
　　十、中美两国都致力于实现去年11月中美气候变化联合声明中宣布的各自2020年后行动目标。从那时起，两国都采取了重要步骤来加以落实，并致力于继续强化努力，这些努力将大大推动对低碳技术和低碳解决方案的全球投资。
　　11. Since last November’s Joint Announcement, the United States has taken major steps to reduce its emissions 25, and it is announcing important additional implementation plans today. In August 2015, the United States finalized 27 the Clean Power Plan, which will reduce CO2 emissions from the power sector 28 to 32% below 2005 levels by 2030. In 2016, the United States will finalize 26 a federal plan to implement carbon emission 24 standards for power plants in states that do not choose to design their own implementation plans under the Clean Power Plan. The United States commits to finalize its next-stage, world-class fuel efficiency standards for heavy-duty vehicles in 2016 and implement them in 2019. In August 2015, the United States proposed separate standards for methane 29 emissions from landfills and the oil and gas sector, and commits to finalize both standards in 2016. In July 2015, the United States finalized significant new measures to reduce use and emissions of HFCs through the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program, and commits today to continue to pursue new actions in 2016 to reduce HFC use and emissions. Finally, in the buildings sector, the United States commits to finalize over 20 efficiency standards for appliances and equipment by the end of 2016.
　　十一、自去年11月联合声明以来，美国采取了重要的减排步骤，并于今天宣布进一步的重要实施计划。2015年8月，美国制定完成“清洁电力计划”，该计划将使电力行业二氧化碳排放到2030年比2005年减少32%。2016年美国将制定完成一项联邦计划，在那些选择不按清洁电力计划制定自己实施计划的州实施电厂碳排放标准。美国承诺将于2016年制定完成其下一阶段、世界级的载重汽车燃油效率标准，并于2019年实施。2015年8月，美国针对垃圾填埋和油气行业的甲烷气体排放草拟了专门的标准，并承诺将于2016年制定完成上述标准。2015年7月，美国制定完成了通过“重要新替代品政策（SNAP）”减少氢氟碳化物（HFCs）使用和排放的重大新举措，并于今天承诺在2016年继续采取新行动减少氢氟碳化物的使用和排放。最后，在建筑领域，美国承诺到2016年底制定完成20多项电器和设备能效标准。
　　12. China is making great efforts to advance ecological 30 civilization and promote green, low-carbon, climate resilient and sustainable development through accelerating institutional innovation and enhancing policies and actions. China will lower carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 60% to 65% from the 2005 level by 2030 and increase the forest stock volume by around 4.5 billion cubic meters on the 2005 level by 2030. China will promote green power dispatch, giving priority, in distribution and dispatching, to renewable power generation and fossil fuel power generation of higher efficiency and lower emission levels. China also plans to start in 2017 its national emission trading system, covering key industry sectors 31 such as iron and steel, power generation, chemicals, building materials, paper-making, and nonferrous metals. China commits to promote low-carbon buildings and transportation, with the share of green buildings reaching 50% in newly built buildings in cities and towns by 2020 and the share of public transport in motorized travel reaching 30% in big- and medium-sized cities by 2020. It will finalize next-stage fuel efficiency standards for heavy-duty vehicles in 2016 and implement them in 2019. Actions on HFCs continue to be supported and accelerated, including effectively controlling HFC-23 emissions by 2020.
　　十二、中国正在大力推进生态文明建设，推动绿色低碳、气候适应型和可持续发展，加快制度创新，强化政策行动。中国到2030年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放将比2005年下降60%－65%，森林蓄积量比2005年增加45亿立方米左右。中国将推动绿色电力调度，优先调用可再生能源发电和高能效、低排放的化石能源发电资源。中国还计划于2017年启动全国碳排放交易体系，将覆盖钢铁、电力、化工、建材、造纸和有色金属等重点工业行业。中国承诺将推动低碳建筑和低碳交通，到2020年城镇新建建筑中绿色建筑占比达到50%，大中城市公共交通占机动化出行比例达到30%。中国将于2016年制定完成下一阶段载重汽车整车燃油效率标准，并于2019年实施。中国将继续支持并加快削减氢氟碳化物行动，包括到2020年有效控制三氟甲烷（HFC－23）排放。
　　Enhancing Bilateral and Multilateral Climate Cooperation:
　　加强双边和多边气候合作
　　13. Building on the robust bilateral cooperation initiatives that support the achievement of ambitious domestic actions, the two sides commit to further deepen and enhance these efforts through the U.S.-China Climate Change Working Group (CCWG), the premier 32 mechanism 33 for facilitating constructive 34 U.S.-China dialogue and cooperation on climate change. The two sides have made concrete progress in each of the initiatives, including heavy-duty and other vehicles, smart grids 35, carbon capture, utilization 36, and storage (CCUS), energy efficiency in buildings and industry, collecting and managing greenhouse gas emissions data, climate change and forests, industrial boilers 37 efficiency and fuel switching, and climate-smart/low-carbon cities, and will continue to work together on green ports and vessels 38 and zero emission vehicles, as well as the enhanced policy dialogue and cooperation on HFCs. Furthermore, a new Domestic Policy Dialogue was established this year to share information on respective domestic actions. The two sides will continue to devote significant effort and resources to the existing initiatives. On the CCUS project agreed to in the 2014 Joint Announcement, the two countries have identified the project site in Yan’an-Yulin, Shan’xi Province, China, operated by Shan’xi Yanchang Petroleum 39. The two sides will continue to collaborate 40 to demonstrate the utilization of CO2 for enhanced water recovery.
　　十三、双方将基于强有力的双边合作倡议来支持实现富有雄心的国内行动，并承诺通过中美气候变化工作组（“气候工作组”）进一步深化和加强这些努力，气候工作组是促进建设性中美气候变化对话合作的首要机制。双方在气候工作组各合作倡议中取得了具体进展，包括载重汽车和其他汽车、智能电网、碳捕集利用和封存、建筑和工业能效、温室气体数据收集和管理、气候变化和林业、工业锅炉能效和燃料转换以及气候智慧型／低碳城市等合作倡议，继续共同推动关于绿色港口和船舶、零排放汽车的工作并加强关于氢氟碳化物的政策对话与合作。今年双方还建立了新的国内政策对话，就各自国内行动进行信息交流。双方将继续为现有合作倡议投入大量精力和资源。关于2014年中美气候变化联合声明中所提的碳捕集、利用和封存项目，两国已选定由陕西延长石油公司运行的位于中国陕西省延安－榆林地区的项目场址。双方将继续合作示范利用二氧化碳提高采水率。
　　14. The United States and China recognize and appreciate the critical role of cities, states and provinces in addressing climate change, supporting the implementation of national actions and accelerating the long-term transition to a low carbon and livable society. The Presidents welcome the outcome of the First Session of the U.S.-China Climate-Smart/Low-Carbon Cities Summit, held in Los Angeles on September 15-16, 2015, and look forward to a successful Second Session to be held in Beijing in 2016. The Presidents support the U.S.-China Climate Leaders Declaration, signed by 24 provinces, states, cities, and counties of the United States and China, as well as the climate actions listed in the Declaration, including an initiative by provinces and cities in China for peaking pioneers and the medium and long-term greenhouse gas reduction targets of states, counties and cities in the United States. The United States and China also emphasize that businesses can play an important role in promoting low-carbon development, and will make continued efforts to encourage and incentivize actions by businesses.
　　十四、中美双方认同并赞赏省、州、市在应对气候变化、支持落实国家行动、加速向低碳宜居社会长期转型中的关键作用。两国元首欢迎2015年9月15－16日在洛杉矶举行的第一届中美气候智慧型／低碳城市峰会的成果，并期待着2016年在北京成功举办第二届峰会。两国元首支持由24个中国和美国的省、州、市、郡签署的中美气候领导宣言以及宣言中所列的气候行动，包括中国省市发起的率先达峰倡议和美国州、郡、市提出的中长期温室气体减排目标。中美双方还强调企业可以在推动低碳发展中发挥重要作用，并将继续努力对企业开展行动进行鼓励和激励。
　　15. The United States and China recognize the importance of mobilizing climate finance to support low-carbon, climate-resilient development in developing countries, particularly the least developed countries, small island developing states, and African countries. In this connection, the United States reaffirms its $3 billion pledge to the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and China announces that it will make available ?20 billion for setting up the China South-South Climate Cooperation Fund to support other developing countries to combat climate change, including to enhance their capacity to access GCF funds. Going forward and through these steps and other actions, the two sides are determined to work constructively 41 and cooperatively together and along with all Parties to the UNFCCC to support developing countries to transition to green and low-carbon development and build climate resilience.
　　十五、中美双方认识到动员气候资金以支持发展中国家实现低碳、气候适应型发展的重要性，特别是支持最不发达国家、小岛屿发展中国家和非洲国家。为此，美国重申将向绿色气候基金捐资30亿美元的许诺；中国宣布拿出200亿元人民币建立“中国气候变化南南合作基金”，支持其他发展中国家应对气候变化，包括增强其使用绿色气候基金资金的能力。进而通过这些步骤和其他行动，双方决心建设性地合作努力，并与联合国气候变化框架公约所有缔约方一道，支持发展中国家向绿色低碳发展转型并进行气候适应力建设。
　　16. The United States and China consider that their bilateral investments in other countries should support low-carbon technologies and climate resilience and commit to discussing the role of public finance in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Both countries are to use public resources to finance and encourage the transition toward low-carbon technologies as a priority. As part of an ongoing 42 and serious commitment to strengthen low-carbon policies and regulations, the United States has ended public financing for new conventional coal-fired power plants except in the poorest countries. China will strengthen green and low-carbon policies and regulations with a view to strictly 43 controlling public investment flowing into projects with high pollution and carbon emissions both domestically and internationally.
　　十六、中美双方认为两国在其他国家的双边投资应支持低碳技术和气候适应力，并承诺讨论公共资金在减少温室气体排放中的作用。两国将运用公共资源优先资助并鼓励逐步采用低碳技术。作为加强低碳政策规定的现行严肃承诺的一部分，除在最贫穷的国家以外，美国已终止向新建传统燃煤电厂提供公共融资。中国将强化绿色低碳政策规定，以严控公共投资流向国内外高污染、高排放项目。
　　17. The United States and China will strengthen their dialogue and cooperation to advance climate change related issues in relevant fora complementary to the UNFCCC, such as the G-20, Montreal Protocol, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Maritime 44 Organization, World Trade Organization and Clean Energy Ministerial.
　　十七、中美双方将加强在二十国集团、蒙特利尔议定书、国际民航组织、国际海事组织、世界贸易组织、清洁能源部长会议等作为对联合国气候变化框架公约补充的有关场合开展对话合作，推进气候变化相关问题。