时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

 一般而言,和汉语相比,英语词汇的词义面相对较宽,如英文uncle可对应于汉语的“叔叔、伯伯、舅舅、姑父、姨夫”等;常用动词carry根据不同的方式(用介词短语表示)可译成汉语“拿、提、拎、持、执、抱、背、驮、抬、挑、携、夹、举、抗、顶”等。当然,也有相反的情况,如laugh, smile, giggle 1, guffaw 2, chuckle 3, cackle, titter, snigger, chortle, grin, smirk 4, simper等译成汉语都是一个“笑”。


  “升级”一词在英语中用法广泛,在社会、科技、政治等领域各有不同的说法。本期以“升级”为例,看看英汉之间如何对应。
  在教育领域,学生升入高一个年级,正确的英语表达是go up one grade。例如:He did not pass the exams so he could not go up to the second grade.
  Grade也可指代产品等的级别,例如(某产品)“升级换代”可用upgrade(本意即“更新”、“用最新的数据、设备”等), 例如:The machinery 5 in that factory was upgraded only last year.
  如今计算机科技发展迅速,软件的“升级”同样用update,例如:Have you updated your office software? 在政治领域,官员的“升级(升迁)”则是be/get promoted或have a promotion,例如:He was once again promoted to a higher post. 战事的扩大、事态紧张程度的加剧也是一种“升级”,英语用escalate 6一词,例如:The war in the Middle East may further escalate.
  不过,汉语“升级”所对应的英语词,与“笑”所对应的英语词的用法不一样。各种表示“笑”的英语词都是laugh的同义词,而“升级”在不同场合所对应的英语词并非是同义词。这种区别正是英汉中“对应词不对等”的概念。例如,汉语“怀疑”在英语中可对应两个词:suspect和doubt,而这两个词在句子中的含义却是截然相反的。I suspect Smith stole my money.意思是“我认为史密斯偷了我的钱”,而I doubt Smith stole my money.则表示“我不认为史密斯偷了我的钱”,即别人认为是他偷的,我对此表示怀疑。

n.痴笑,咯咯地笑;v.咯咯地笑着说
  • Both girls began to giggle.两个女孩都咯咯地笑了起来。
  • All that giggle and whisper is too much for me.我受不了那些咯咯的笑声和交头接耳的样子。
n.哄笑;突然的大笑
  • All the boys burst out into a guffaw at the joke.听到这个笑话,男孩子们发出一阵哄笑。
  • As they guffawed loudly,the ticket collector arrived.他们正哈哈大笑的时候,检票员到了。
vi./n.轻声笑,咯咯笑
  • He shook his head with a soft chuckle.他轻轻地笑着摇了摇头。
  • I couldn't suppress a soft chuckle at the thought of it.想到这个,我忍不住轻轻地笑起来。
n.得意地笑;v.傻笑;假笑着说
  • He made no attempt to conceal his smirk.他毫不掩饰自鸣得意的笑容。
  • She had a selfsatisfied smirk on her face.她脸上带着自鸣得意的微笑。
n.(总称)机械,机器;机构
  • Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗?
  • Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。
v.(使)逐步增长(或发展),(使)逐步升级
  • It would tempt Israel's neighbors to escalate their demands.它将诱使以色列的邻国不断把他们的要求升级。
  • Defeat could cause one side or other to escalate the conflict.失败可能会导致其中一方将冲突升级。
标签: 对应词
学英语单词
a beast of a day
a. femoralis
abolished by clear expression
acceptance of freight
al hamra
amplification factor
angle gear box
auxiliary stylet
Barcoo rot
beamforming
Bluett
Boitzenburg
calking side
circuit drill
coccygectomies
collections receivable for customers
comparative cost advantage
con-some
condylomatoid
constant-current level
contact disk
Convolvulus sepium
corn marigold
Cotton-Mouton constant
deflexure
donor depletion
dual carriage
engraved block
full trailer combination
gastric capacity
gearing dynamics
glissonian cirrhosis
grazing exit
grease cartridge lubricator
headgate grass
hemoplasma
hexenyl benzoate
high speed scan
hypercholesterinaemia
initial status word
intermittent working
itto
jugulocephalic
Kilmessan
knot wood
Kursa
Lady Isle
leader record
left lateral separation
Lignieres' test
limited offer
line strobe oscilloscope
lujiemycine
malasada
mivvy
mono-substitution
non-solvency
object of the right of ownership
on screen
oscillation suppression
overall agreement
party bureaucracy
permanent luminescent material
plate marking
pokeweed mitogen
politicking
portable air velocity meter
portobellos
preludious
pseudoline-sync pulses
receiving gage
retirement payment
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
saccatus
Santiago Astata
scabbard
semi-natural economy
sheath inoculation methods
socket type connector
solid lubricants
speak together
standard angle-gauge
strean
submento-bregmatic diameter
surpressing
swings by
systematic engineering
tei
temporary storage
toothbrush mustaches
trackpad
TRADA
training literature
trube
twisted flutings
UCS (universal character set)
Valentian
vertical lapping machine
wagon ceiling
wardrobe assistant
weakening of moulding sand
x-ray erythema