时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

 "副"字在英语中可以用vice 1、deputy、assistant、associate、under、sub等词表示。


副总裁 Vice President
国防部副部长(美国) Deputy Secretary of Defence
副总经理 Assistant General Manager
副国务卿 Under Secretary of State
副州长(副总督) Lieutenant 2 Governor
(学院)副院长 Sub-dean of School
根据我国的翻译实践,表达"副"的含义用的最广泛的是Vice 和Deputy。Vice 和Deputy 并无本质区别,在实际使用时究竟选用哪个,纯属搭配习惯。一般来说,vice与president、 premier 3、 chairman、 minister、 governor 搭配;deputy与director、 chief、head 、secretary、dean、mayor 搭配。似乎可以认为,Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。如:
国家副主席(或大学副校长) Vice President
副主席(或系副主任等) Vice Chairman
副总理 Vice Premier
副部长 Vice Minister
副省长 Vice Governor
副领事 Vice Consul 4
副校长(中小学) Vice Principal
以下情况常用Deputy:
副局长 Deputy Director
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
副书记 Deputy Secretary
副市长 Deputy Mayor
副县长 Deputy Chief Executive
副村长 Deputy Village Head
副院长(学院) Deputy Dean
副总编  Deputy Editor-in-Chief
associate用作"副"时一般用于职称。
副教授 Associate Professor
副研究员 Associate Research Fellow
副主编 Associate Editor-in-Chief
副编审 Associate Senior Editor
副研究馆员 Associate Research Fellow
副译审 Associate Senior Translator
副主任医师 Associate Senior Doctor
Assistant 也可作"副"解释,如:副经理 Assistant Manager
但我们知道,assistant 原本含义是"助理"。当我们把"副经理"译成assistant manager 时,那么"经理助理"怎么译?另外,assistant manager和另一种副经理deputy manager之间有什么区别?
要弄清以上情况, 先得看看Assistant 和Deputy在美国的用法,以美国联邦财政部金融管理局(Financial Management Service)为例,该局局长称作Commissioner 5,紧接着Commissioner的二号人物称 Deputy Commissioner,相当于我们中国的第一副局长,然后是多名分管各个不同科室的副局长,如分管联邦金融事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Federal Finance)、分管金融运营事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Financial Operations)、分管政府部门会计事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Governmentwide Accounting)等等
无论是美国政府还是企业机构几乎都是一样,即Deputy 作为第一副职,往往只设一个,而Assistant 却可以有多个。比如在一家美国公司里,既有Deputy General Manager,又有Assistant General Manager,都可以译成"副总经理",但其地位是前者(相当于我们的常务副总)高于后者。
至于比“副总经理”地位更低的“总经理助理”,则可译为:Assistant to General Manager。如:总经理私人助理-Personal Assistant to GM、总经理特别助理-Special Assistant to GM。
在我国的行政机构内,"助理"往往指的是未经过立法机关认可的副职,如“市长助理”,其职责和级别相当于副市长,但地位显然低一些。这跟英语中的情况是相似的,本来也可套用上述译法,即将常务副市长、副市长、市长助理分别译作:Deputy Mayor、Assistant Mayor、Assistant to Mayor。但是,我们已经习惯于将“副市长” 统统译成Deputy Mayor, “市长助理” 译成Assistant Mayor,而将“常务副市长” 译成 First Deputy Mayor,此种译法已广泛接受,不宜改译。

n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
n.陆军中尉,海军上尉;代理官员,副职官员
  • He was promoted to be a lieutenant in the army.他被提升为陆军中尉。
  • He prevailed on the lieutenant to send in a short note.他说动那个副官,递上了一张简短的便条进去。
adj.首要的;n.总理,首相
  • The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。
  • He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。
n.领事;执政官
  • A consul's duty is to help his own nationals.领事的职责是帮助自己的同胞。
  • He'll hold the post of consul general for the United States at Shanghai.他将就任美国驻上海总领事(的职务)。
n.(政府厅、局、处等部门)专员,长官,委员
  • The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
  • He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。
标签: 翻译
学英语单词
a horse
all-electric plant
bomb impact point
boyfriend bomb
bridgemor
carcinoid of stomach
carpet knife
carrier recovery
Castrism
change cash
chondroprotection
colic biliary
common discharge
connection-oriented
convincers
crosshead pin bearing
cryptoanalysis
data security controls
deprivals
design stress factor
discipliner
don't give it another thought
down-holes
electron pair donor(EPD)
elephant foot
en route low altitude chart
ettled
gas pressure sintering
generating tool
get injured
GTPase
guard rail tie plate
heat booster
hereditary angioedema
high-temperature(-resistant) steel
hydraulicking
imidotriphosphoric acid
immediate-needs
International Union of Public Transport
invites in
lifting unit
main title
mannerist
medium term multiple currency loans
megaforms
milk casein fibre
mobile acetylene generator
molten bath arc welding
momuss
muffler flange
muscular incompetence
N. & H.
nanowatts
Nettlestone beds
NIAE
nikolic
non-self-luminous surface
nonproteogenic
nonrandomized
nozzle noise
operational ration
Paracatu, R.
partially coherent boundary
Phomales
piano-top
pollutional index
Pottiaceae
price scanner
printer I/O buffer
pseudocercospora cassiae-fistulae
quadrate
quick close stop
ratsoes
recognition time
rectuss
register in
reward scheme
rigger brush
root gap
scronch
sea-crafty
seajacks
seed bed?
sew sb up
shagreen paper
short-circuit switch of input
sidoti
single anchor leg storage
snap beans
spatial layout
stirer
takeoff chamber
Tannenberg
Tiselius
ultrafine fibre
uncheerful
unexpended ammunition
unsupported spans
vimlas
wake-forest
zootomically