时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

 "副"字在英语中可以用vice 1、deputy、assistant、associate、under、sub等词表示。


副总裁 Vice President
国防部副部长(美国) Deputy Secretary of Defence
副总经理 Assistant General Manager
副国务卿 Under Secretary of State
副州长(副总督) Lieutenant 2 Governor
(学院)副院长 Sub-dean of School
根据我国的翻译实践,表达"副"的含义用的最广泛的是Vice 和Deputy。Vice 和Deputy 并无本质区别,在实际使用时究竟选用哪个,纯属搭配习惯。一般来说,vice与president、 premier 3、 chairman、 minister、 governor 搭配;deputy与director、 chief、head 、secretary、dean、mayor 搭配。似乎可以认为,Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。如:
国家副主席(或大学副校长) Vice President
副主席(或系副主任等) Vice Chairman
副总理 Vice Premier
副部长 Vice Minister
副省长 Vice Governor
副领事 Vice Consul 4
副校长(中小学) Vice Principal
以下情况常用Deputy:
副局长 Deputy Director
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
副书记 Deputy Secretary
副市长 Deputy Mayor
副县长 Deputy Chief Executive
副村长 Deputy Village Head
副院长(学院) Deputy Dean
副总编  Deputy Editor-in-Chief
associate用作"副"时一般用于职称。
副教授 Associate Professor
副研究员 Associate Research Fellow
副主编 Associate Editor-in-Chief
副编审 Associate Senior Editor
副研究馆员 Associate Research Fellow
副译审 Associate Senior Translator
副主任医师 Associate Senior Doctor
Assistant 也可作"副"解释,如:副经理 Assistant Manager
但我们知道,assistant 原本含义是"助理"。当我们把"副经理"译成assistant manager 时,那么"经理助理"怎么译?另外,assistant manager和另一种副经理deputy manager之间有什么区别?
要弄清以上情况, 先得看看Assistant 和Deputy在美国的用法,以美国联邦财政部金融管理局(Financial Management Service)为例,该局局长称作Commissioner 5,紧接着Commissioner的二号人物称 Deputy Commissioner,相当于我们中国的第一副局长,然后是多名分管各个不同科室的副局长,如分管联邦金融事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Federal Finance)、分管金融运营事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Financial Operations)、分管政府部门会计事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Governmentwide Accounting)等等
无论是美国政府还是企业机构几乎都是一样,即Deputy 作为第一副职,往往只设一个,而Assistant 却可以有多个。比如在一家美国公司里,既有Deputy General Manager,又有Assistant General Manager,都可以译成"副总经理",但其地位是前者(相当于我们的常务副总)高于后者。
至于比“副总经理”地位更低的“总经理助理”,则可译为:Assistant to General Manager。如:总经理私人助理-Personal Assistant to GM、总经理特别助理-Special Assistant to GM。
在我国的行政机构内,"助理"往往指的是未经过立法机关认可的副职,如“市长助理”,其职责和级别相当于副市长,但地位显然低一些。这跟英语中的情况是相似的,本来也可套用上述译法,即将常务副市长、副市长、市长助理分别译作:Deputy Mayor、Assistant Mayor、Assistant to Mayor。但是,我们已经习惯于将“副市长” 统统译成Deputy Mayor, “市长助理” 译成Assistant Mayor,而将“常务副市长” 译成 First Deputy Mayor,此种译法已广泛接受,不宜改译。

n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
n.陆军中尉,海军上尉;代理官员,副职官员
  • He was promoted to be a lieutenant in the army.他被提升为陆军中尉。
  • He prevailed on the lieutenant to send in a short note.他说动那个副官,递上了一张简短的便条进去。
adj.首要的;n.总理,首相
  • The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。
  • He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。
n.领事;执政官
  • A consul's duty is to help his own nationals.领事的职责是帮助自己的同胞。
  • He'll hold the post of consul general for the United States at Shanghai.他将就任美国驻上海总领事(的职务)。
n.(政府厅、局、处等部门)专员,长官,委员
  • The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
  • He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。
标签: 翻译
学英语单词
-teenth
angular motion
appointment-only
ash-greys
autocratic leader
automatic data processing systems
Ban Nong Yang
Bandwidth-on-demand
bare the metal
basilar membranae
bonnett
catalogable permanent file
cheek retractor
chloroethylaminoanthraquinones
classical-styles
closure of simplex
collective body
community residents
copius
coraebus aesopus
crummy
cystomyxoma
dispension
disproportionateness
distrbuted processing
electro-gas arc welding
excitaton source
exhibition expenditures
false myxoma
fear-stricken
fibre grease
firiming agent
fix things up
fluidized layer
forage for
fund levy
go on an outing
graphic kernel system
gravity spectrum
gravity tectonics
green cormorant
guilt-trip
heliocentric declination
heterodyne interference
high speed steel end mill
Igo
in one piece nozzle
income-expenditures
interpretation of dreams
island-dwellers
Knelston
laid lower
lead crown glass
Leo III
linen fiber
load up on sth
lyme-hound
make gains
manufacturer's rep
mechano-chemical system
medical diagnostic radiation
metallographs
Middleton Stoney
missel-bird
Mogogelo
noas
note to the accounts
number identification
off-colo(u)r product
oystered
pal(a)eohydrology
Palespotted
pasta rocket
pasteur pipet
permineralised
planetary landing
plant room
plumbaginaceous
pulsed lasers
re-taining part of the extra profit
reed sweep
Resia
ring-a-ring
screen scarifier
sewerage of separate system
site autonomy
taint-hook
take springs out from
testing of soil
tetrazoles
think no small bear of
Tolbukhinski Okrǔg
toona sureni(bl.)merr.
total color blindness
Tristars
wages fund
wooden bridge
written calculation
yeast-liked
zero-zero gel
zhishi xiebai guizhi decoction