时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课
 

我们今天来学习一下英语习语(idioms),就其广义而言,包括俗语(colloquialisms)、谚语(proverb)、俚语(slang expression)等。

一、直译法:

 就是指在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误的联想的条件下,在译文中保留英语习语的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩的方法。例如:

To fight to the last man. 战斗到最后一个人。
To break the record. 打破记录。
Under one’s nose. 在某人鼻子底下。
Armed to the teeth. 武装到牙齿。
Packed like sardines 挤得象罐头沙丁鱼。
The open-door policy. 门户开放政策。
The most-favored-nation clause 最惠国条款
The cold war 冷战
A cat has nine lives. 猫有九命。
Barking dogs do not bite. 吠犬不咬人。

二、汉语同义习语的套用语:

 有的英语习语和汉语同义习语在内容和形式上都相符合,双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩,并且有相同的或大体相同的形象比喻。

1)双方有完全相同的形象比喻:
To praise to the skies. 捧上天去。
To fish in troubled waters. 浑水摸鱼。
To add fuel to the fire. 火上加油。
To be on thin ice. 如履薄冰。
Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。

2)双方有大体相同的形象比喻: 
A drop in the ocean. 沧海一粟。
To laugh off one’s head. 笑掉牙齿。
To be out at elbows. 捉襟见肘。
At sixes and sevens. 乱七八糟。

三、意译法:

 当我们不能够或没有必要用直译法来保留英语习语的表达形式,并且在汉语中也找不到合适的同义习语可供套用,就得用意译法配合上下文把英语习语的含义表达出来。这种方法是比较难的,上面两种只要背诵就可以了,而这个却要你个人来发挥啦。

例1. The teenagers don’t invite Bob to their parties because he is a wet blanket.
简析:a wet blanket.字面意思是“湿的地毯”,根本无法理解了,所以要根据上下文来翻译。
译文:青少年们不邀请鲍勃参加他们的聚会因为他是一个令人扫兴的人。

例2. Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water.
简析:a fish out of water.离开水的鱼,离开水鱼是不能活的,但文中的女孩是不至于要死的,所以也要根据上下文来翻译。
译文:同这么多穿着体面而又有教养的人在一起,这位乡下的女孩感到很不自在。

例3. All right, I blame myself. But it’s the last time. We were cat’s-paws, that is all.
简析:cat’s-paws.猫爪子。查词典我们知道它是“受人利用者”的意思。但在考试时我们不能查工具书的,所以要从上下文来猜测。
译文:得了,怪我自己瞎了眼。可是我再也不干啦。我们上了人家当,没别的。


下面我们来看一些习题:

1. To break the ice, Ted 1 spoke 2 of his interest in mountain climbing, and they soon had a conversation going.
2. She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth; she thinks she can do what she likes.
3. But the die was cast, he could not go back.
4. To spend money like water.
5. Strike while the iron is hot.
6. A rolling stone gathers no moss 3.
7. A gentleman’s agreement.
8. The heel of Achilles.
9. Blood is thicker than water.
10. The position-of-strength policy.


 


参考答案:

1、为了打破沉默,特德说自己对爬山有兴趣,这样他们很快就交谈起来。
2、她生长在宝贵之家,认为凡事都可随心所欲。
3、但事已决定,不容反悔。
4、挥金如土。
5、趁热打铁。
6、滚石不生苔。
7、君子协定。
8、阿基里斯的脚踵。
9、血浓于水。
10、实力地位政策。



vt.翻晒,撒,撒开
  • The invaders gut ted the village.侵略者把村中财物洗劫一空。
  • She often teds the corn when it's sunny.天好的时候她就翻晒玉米。
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
n.苔,藓,地衣
  • Moss grows on a rock.苔藓生在石头上。
  • He was found asleep on a pillow of leaves and moss.有人看见他枕着树叶和苔藓睡着了。
学英语单词
2-CHLOROBENZYLAMINE
abandonate
allowable impact load
amphibianlike
barbey
barbier
benzisoxazoles
better-tasting
BKdusty pink
booking commission
bruderrat
butt joint welder
cardiac ventricle
caribbean subregion
catarrhal dyspepsia
christenly
circular flow of economy
class lists
clientela
contracted domain
Corypha
cronak method
cryptophialoidea secunda
deed registration fee
deflowereth
delay in payment
diogenes tumidus
dipping structure
dissidently
eastermost
endoscopic cold light source
ethynylbenzyl carbamate
eutelolecithal
exergonic
false-zero test
five-channel scanning radiometer
frost hygrometer
fug us
gel swelling
gingival border
hoale
i-deled
ice-shelves
icodextrin
incremental speed governing droop
insaner
internal spermatic veins
Ipililo
Johnstonebridge
joint operating procedure
ketoic
legal argument
life-holy
liquid scintillator detector
list-directed input/output statement
litmouse
Luconge
lynch-pins
mellow-soil plow
mentorlike
MEV, MeV, Mev, mev
myelomeningitis
Napicladium asteroma
nebularia contracta
neutron superfluidity
Nittendorf
ole-db
palpebral edema of the newborn
Penguin Beach
percentage of twist shrinkage
petrolisthes obtusifrons
primary cutaneous cryptococcosis
pronounces
propulsion parameter
Prügy
radioactive cemetery
radiomuscular
refollows
registry offices
relay return spring
roll-off area
RTTIs
sampling apparatus scattering area
so also do
space mark
spring swench
steinwachs
stokes' law of settling
tactical command ship
tangent-cone method
target domain
taxi pattern
thiosemicarbazone isonicotinaldehyde
track servo mechanism
trash boom
triaster egg
triple-digit
upright engine
video envelope
wash place
wideband coating
XIPHOSTOMIDAE