SSS 2010-05-12
时间：2019-01-08 作者：英语课 分类：Scientific American(五)月
This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Christie Nicholson. Got a minute?
We know someone is in pain just by looking at their face. Winced 1 eyes, grimacing 2 smile. I mean we recognize it immediately. But can we see pain in non-human faces?
Well, recent research published in the journal Nature Methods found that mice show facial expressions of pain just like humans do.
Scientists injected mice with inflammatory drugs, which led to pain similar to a headache or a swollen 3 finger. Then they videotaped the mice and had the video images analyzed 4 by expert facial-expression decoders. The researchers scored five distinct mouse pain expressions. Eyes closed and squinted 5, their nose bulges 7, cheeks bulge 6 and mice also pull back their little round ears and move their whiskers. All of these measurements led to the creation of a "mouse grimace 8 scale."
It's a bit surprising that this is the first study of facial expressions of pain in non-humans. Prior to this, scientists detected pain in mice from reflex reactions, like heat to the tail makes the tail flick 9.
Next up is to see whether this scale can translate to other mammals. Pain research depends on mouse studies, so having a method to measure a mouse's pain will help researchers understand chronic 10 and spontaneous pain in humans.
This research also opens up the possibility of studying mouse social behavior, like to see if mice respond to the pain facial cues of other mice. Now won't that be interesting—to see how a mouse consoles another mouse in pain?
Thanks for the minute for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Christie Nicholson.
- He winced as the dog nipped his ankle. 狗咬了他的脚腕子，疼得他龇牙咧嘴。
- He winced as a sharp pain shot through his left leg. 他左腿一阵剧痛疼得他直龇牙咧嘴。
- But then Boozer drove past Gasol for a rattling, grimacing slam dunk. 可布泽尔单吃家嫂，以一记强有力的扣篮将比分超出。 来自互联网
- The martyrdom of Archbishop Cranmer, said the don at last, grimacing with embarrassment. 最后那位老师尴尬地做个鬼脸，说，这是大主教克莱默的殉道士。 来自互联网
- Her legs had got swollen from standing up all day.因为整天站着，她的双腿已经肿了。
- A mosquito had bitten her and her arm had swollen up.蚊子叮了她，她的手臂肿起来了。
- The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程，因为对他来说，爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Pulling his rifle to his shoulder he squinted along the barrel. 他把枪顶肩，眯起眼睛瞄准。
- I squinted through the keyhole. 我从锁眼窥看。
- The apple made a bulge in his pocket.苹果把他口袋塞得鼓了起来。
- What's that awkward bulge in your pocket?你口袋里那块鼓鼓囊囊的东西是什么？
- His pocket bulges with apples. 他的衣袋装着苹果鼓了起来。
- He bulges out of his black T-shirt. 他的肚子在黑色T恤衫下鼓鼓地挺着。
- The boy stole a look at his father with grimace.那男孩扮着鬼脸偷看了他父亲一眼。
- Thomas made a grimace after he had tasted the wine.托马斯尝了那葡萄酒后做了个鬼脸。
- He gave a flick of the whip.他轻抽一下鞭子。
- By a flick of his whip,he drove the fly from the horse's head.他用鞭子轻抽了一下，将马头上的苍蝇驱走。