【简明语法】11.10 比较过去时与现在完成时
时间：2019-01-04 作者：英语课 分类：英文语法词汇
英语课
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already 1, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since 2, so far, ever 3, never, just, yet 4, till 5 / until 6, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die 7, finish, become, get married 8等。
举例：
I saw 9 this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen 10 this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did 11 you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned 12 from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League 13 for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished 14 my homework now.
---Will somebody 15 go and get Dr 16. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote 17 a letter to his parents last night.
adv.已经
- We have eaten already.我们已经吃过了。
- I've been there already,so I don't want to go again.我早已去过那里了，所以我不想再去了。
adv.后来；conj.既然，因为，自从；prep.自从
- He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后，他就一直在一家银行工作。
- I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
adv.曾经；永远；不断地；在任何时候；究竟
- Have you ever been to hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？
- I will be young and strong and beautiful for ever.我将永远年轻、强壮，永远漂亮。
adv.还，仍然，即刻；conj.尽管，然而
- I am not ready yet.我还没有准备好。
- Beautiful as she is,she didn't find a boyfriend yet.尽管她很漂亮，但还没找到男朋友呢。
conj.直到(...为止)；n.(账台中)放钱的抽屉；prep.直到；pron.直到...为止，直到；vt.耕种
- It was not till 11 o'clock that he came back last night.昨晚直到11点他才回来。
- You can come to my house till all hours.你多晚来我家都没关系。
prep.直到...为止；conj.直到...时才...
- He arrived home until midnight.他直到半夜才到家。
- She didn't sleep until midnight.她直到半夜才睡。
vbl.看见(see的过去式)；n.锯；v.用锯子锯
- Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗？
- The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你，就知道你在生我的气。
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
- Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后，就没有见过他了。
- I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
v.动词do的过去式
- How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球？
- Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢？
adj.被送回的，归来的v.返回，回来( return的过去式和过去分词 )；恢复；还；归还
- He resigned as Home Secretary and returned to the back benches. 他辞去了内政大臣的职务，回到后座议员席。
- The painting has been returned to its rightful owner . 这幅画已归还给合法所有权人。
n.同盟，联盟，社团，联合会
- I'll never forget the day when I joined the Youth League.我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。
- Half of the students in our class are League members.我们班有一半学生是团员。
adj.完成的，精湛的；v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词
- We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
- We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
n.重要人物；pron.某人，有人
- Somebody is using the computer.有人在用电脑。
- He seems to be somebody.他似乎是个重要人物。
n.医生，大夫；博士(缩)（= Doctor）
- Dr.Williams instructs us in botany.威廉博士教我们植物学。
- The ward of the hospital is in the charge of Dr.Green.医院的这间病房由格林医生负责。