时间:2019-01-04 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   一、现在完成时句型构成


  基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed) e.g done
  二、现在完成时用法
  ①肯定句中:主语+has/have+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他).
  ②否定句中:主语+haven't/hasn't+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.
  ③一般疑问句中:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他).(末尾用问号)
  三、现在完成时用法要点
  1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)
  如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.
  2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
  如already(肯定,句中),yet(否定,疑问,句中),just,before,recently,still,lately,never等:
  He has already obtained a scholarship.他已经获得了一份奖学金。
  I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).我已经很久没有看到他(最近的)。
  We have seen that film before.我们以前已经看过那部电影了。
  Have they found the missing child yet?他们找到失踪的孩子了吗?
  3. 现在完成时态经常与表示频度的时间状语连用,
  如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion等:
  Have you ever been to Beijing?你以前去过北京吗?
  I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.我从来没有听到Bunny说她的坏话。
  I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.这支钢笔我只用过三次。它仍然是好的。
  George has met that gentleman on several occasions.乔治已经在好几个场合见过那个先生几次。
  4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用
  如now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等:
  Peter has written six papers so far.彼得写了六篇论文,到目前为止。
  Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus 1 of the atom.人们现在已经学会了从原子核中释放能量。
  There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.今年以来旧金山雨水太多。
  The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.我们两国之间的友好合作关系在近几年得到了提高。
  Up to the present everything has been successful.到现在为止一切都是成功的。
  5.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
  即表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况,并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去,也有可能到现在就结束。如:
  How often have you seen her? 你隔多少见她一次?
  My father has always gone to work by bike. 我父亲一向骑车上班。
  6.现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束。
  例如:He has turned the light off .他已把灯关了。
  现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。
  例如:Have you found your pen?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
  7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
  例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
  I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)
  此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。
  例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
  注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
  8.现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now","so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。
  Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
  I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
  has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别。
  has gone to:表示某人已去了某地,而没有回来(去了没回)。
  has been to :表示去过某地(去过已回来)。
  现在完成时误区提醒:
  (1)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
  He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
  (2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
  (3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
  如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。
  has been in:表示一直呆在某地, 常与时间段搭配(呆了很久)。

n.核,核心,原子核
  • These young people formed the nucleus of the club.这些年轻人成了俱乐部的核心。
  • These councils would form the nucleus of a future regime.这些委员会将成为一个未来政权的核心。
标签: 现在完成时
学英语单词
analytical syntax
appended procedure
argoed
atrichopogon pruinosus
bag men
ballahs
bash sb up
befall
BIL(basic impulse insulation level)
Biscaya
butter-bowzy
clamped amplifier
coded instruction
Corylopsis veitchiana
cpls
credit exemption
cross one's palm
crucial use of variable
deines
denigrates
die making
dimethylphenosafranine
doodies
dummy riser
duplex bag
edge surface
elasmobranchian
endogenous hormone
energy energy release
etopic testis
final climbout speed
flood control storage
free-minded
Front panel connector
genus Symphoricarpos
green index number
green ormer
gunn (diode) source
hasty expedient road
Hupyong
hydraulic jetting
hydrogen blower
hypsochromic
input data selection
ivoriness
joysticking
kinetic art
L-Hydroxyproline
landing simulation
legitimacy status of children
linearity control circuit
macrodome
mamola
manure conveyor
MAOT
Marizile
medialised
microdiffusion analyser
monoxygenase
multiarray
Narathiwat, Changwat
neoprene glove
night sky radiation
off-minded
one-hand
pachometry
paillasses
perflate
pipers
pissing around
plexus rectalis cranialis
polarization battery
polycyclic relief
Prefox
profos
propellerlike
proper cut set
pslra
qat
queer-bashing
respiratory arrest
reticular layer of skin
right of offset
rilozarone
Rφksund
Saxifraga yunlingensis
scartella emarginata
sebcs
slow storage
Sobralite
sturnella magnas
swear sb to silence
tetragon-trisoctahedron
threw her weight around
trip setting
turns loose
Tycho Brahe
variable free expression
waziristans
wine-maker's yeast
yield stresses
zero-type dynamometer