揭秘:韦氏词典是怎样收录历年新词?
时间:2019-01-03 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇
英语课
During last year’s presidential debates, and through this year’s inauguration 1, Merriam-Webster has been an active presence on Twitter, sharing words experiencing an uptick in search, or funny, relevanttrivia.
在去年总统竞选辩论以及今年的就职典礼期间,韦氏词典一直在推特上很活跃,分享着那些搜索量增加的词汇或是一些相关趣事。
You might even say the dictionary provided a safe space on social media, or “a place (as on a college campus) intended to be free of bias 2, conflict, criticism, or potentially threatening actions, ideas, or conversations.”
你可能会说这本词典在互联网上提供了一个安全空间,或“一个(像大学校园一样的)场所,(那里)没有偏见、冲突、指责,或是潜在的危险活动,可以自由地交流思想或进行对话。”
It’s fitting, then, that “safe space” is among the 1,000 new additions Merriam-Webster made to its online dictionary today. The word was first used in 1970, and has been used by colleges post-election to describe themselves as campuses that will protect students who might feel in danger due to their religious beliefs, sexual orientation 3, race or gender 4.
后来,韦氏词典就把“safe space”(安全空间)这个词收录到现今在线词典的1000个新增词条中,这也是十分恰当的。1970年,这个词被第一次使用,大选后,大学就用这个词来称自己为“保护那些因个人宗教信仰、性取向、种族或性别而感到危险的学生的校园”。
Not all of the added words have been around for decades. Some of them, like “binge-watch” and “photobomb,” are products of newer technologies, but saw big spikes 5 in recent use.
不是所有的新增词汇都已使用了几十年。像“binge-watch”(刷剧)和“photobomb”(照片炸弹)这样的一些词汇是新兴技术的产物,而最近其使用率迅速增长。
In an announcement, Merriam-Webster explained its methodology: “In some cases, terms have been observed for years and are finally being added; in others, the fast rise and broad acceptance of a term has made for a quicker journey.”
在一则声明中,韦氏词典解释了它的方法论:“在某些情况下,一些词被观察多年,最后被收录到新词中;在其他情况下,一个词,其使用率迅速增长,且被广泛接受,这个词就会更快地被收入词典中。”
In a statement to The Huffington Post, Merriam-Webster’s editor-at-large Peter Sokolowski added that the words announced today were added to the dictionary’s digital pages. “The online dictionary gives us both more space to expand entries and a way to add them more quickly,” he said.
在发给赫芬顿邮报的一则声明中,韦氏词典的特约编辑彼得·索科洛夫斯基补充道,如今发表的新词被添加到字典的数字页面中。“在线词典既为我们提供了更多的空间来扩展词条,又为我们提供了一个迅速补充词条的方法。”
Other entries are updates of pre-existing words, such as “ghost” used as an informal verb, and “train wreck” used metaphorically 6 to describe “an utter disaster or mess.”
其他词条是对现有词汇的更新,如“ghost”(悄悄地行进)这个词被用作一个非正式的动词,而“train wreck”则被比喻为“一场彻底的灾难或混乱”。
The new additions come from medicine, sports, literature, fashion, politics and technology. One even comes from the name of a prolific 7 word inventor ― “Seussian,” meaning “suggestive of the works of Dr. Seuss.”
新增词汇出自医药、运动、文学、时尚、政治以及技术领域。甚至还有一个词汇出自一个富有创造力的词汇发明家的名字,“Seussian”,意为“瑟斯博士提出的词汇”。
n.开幕、就职典礼
- The inauguration of a President of the United States takes place on January 20.美国总统的就职典礼于一月二十日举行。
- Three celebrated tenors sang at the president's inauguration.3位著名的男高音歌手在总统就职仪式上演唱。
n.偏见,偏心,偏袒;vt.使有偏见
- They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
- He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。
n.方向,目标;熟悉,适应,情况介绍
- Children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
- The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。
n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
- French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
- Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
n.穗( spike的名词复数 );跑鞋;(防滑)鞋钉;尖状物v.加烈酒于( spike的第三人称单数 );偷偷地给某人的饮料加入(更多)酒精( 或药物);把尖状物钉入;打乱某人的计划
- a row of iron spikes on a wall 墙头的一排尖铁
- There is a row of spikes on top of the prison wall to prevent the prisoners escaping. 监狱墙头装有一排尖钉,以防犯人逃跑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adv. 用比喻地
- It is context and convention that determine whether a term will be interpreted literally or metaphorically. 对一个词的理解是按字面意思还是隐喻的意思要视乎上下文和习惯。
- Metaphorically it implied a sort of admirable energy. 从比喻来讲,它含有一种令人赞许的能量的意思。
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