15篇文章贯通六级词汇Unit13-Part1

[00:00.00]UNIT13

[00:14.10]Sex Role Stereotypes 1

[00:16.51]During my career

[00:18.91]as a Canadian female teacher,

[00:20.77]I observed many instances

[00:22.96]of sex role stereotyping 2

[00:25.04]throughout the western culture.

[00:26.68]I was always amazed

[00:28.76]how quickly young children

[00:30.29]adopted the cultural values.

[00:31.71]The topic is one of major concerns

[00:34.45]in the western world,

[00:35.56]yet there are those people

[00:37.09]who would ask you to believe

[00:38.62]that it is not a major issue.

[00:40.15]People who wish to ignore the situation

[00:42.89]do not welcome discussions

[00:45.18]on the topic of gender 3 bias 4.

[00:46.94]This type of person evokes 5

[00:50.11]an analogy of an ostrich 6

[00:51.53]that buries its head in the sand

[00:53.50]to ignore a problem by avoiding it.

[00:55.25]Although many of my comments may seem cynical 7,

[00:59.19]I give you assurance

[01:01.27]that they are based on my observation

[01:02.91]of western society for a number of years.

[01:05.31]It might be interesting and informative 8

[01:08.27] to compare the western world

[01:09.80]in this respect with eastern cultures.

[01:12.54]Many studies have been done

[01:15.38]and the breakdown 9 of reasons examined

[01:17.68]to determine why gender roles play an important part

[01:20.63]in the selection of successful candidates

[01:22.50]for positions in many vocations 10.

[01:24.90]These studies have made little impact

[01:28.07]on diminishing the prevalence of candidates

[01:30.37]being selected more for their gender

[01:31.90]than their qualifications.

[01:33.43]Since the people responsible

[01:36.28]for hiring people to work with them,

[01:37.92]often hire people similar to themselves,

[01:40.65]it seems like they are looking for

[01:42.95]a clone or a duplicate of themselves.

[01:45.36]Females often become quite indignant

[01:49.19]when positions that they are well suited

[01:51.48]for are awarded to males

[01:53.23]and ambiguous reasons given to explain why.

[01:55.97]Is it any wonder that attempts

[01:58.59]to sue corporations for using unfair hiring

[02:01.33]and promotion 11 practices are applauded?

[02:03.74]On the other hand,

[02:05.92]companies who exhibit fair hiring practices

[02:09.10]need to be commended for doing so.

[02:11.07]It has been common in the western world

[02:14.35]for people to presume that

[02:16.21]certain professions belong almost exclusively

[02:18.84]to one gender or the other.

[02:20.59]The work of an electrician,

[02:22.99]or work with electronics,

[02:24.63]or repairing of air-conditioning equipment,

[02:26.82]might be considered to be

[02:28.35]masculine fields of employment.

[02:30.10]Nursing and childcare vocations

[02:32.84]are considered feminine occupations.

[02:35.03]Aviation is another field

[02:38.31]where people would usually assume

[02:40.06]that the pilot would be male

[02:41.26]and the flight attendant would be female,

[02:43.02]a premise 12 that many times will be invalid 13.

[02:46.08]It will be a major breakthrough

[02:49.50]when both genders 14 are equally represented

[02:51.47]in the workforce 15 especially in higher level positions.

[02:54.53]Some individuals would lead you

[02:57.60]to believe that it would

[02:59.24]result in the breakdown of society,

[03:00.66]as we know it today.

[03:01.97]At times an attempt to prevent subjective 16 views

[03:05.26]being used to preclude 17 only males

[03:07.33]being hired by males has been attempted.

[03:09.52]Laws or policy that attempt to rectify 18 the situation

[03:13.57]have not been successful in diminishing the problem.

[03:16.96]An attempt to numerically control

[03:20.35]the number of positions in a corporation

[03:22.10]by using a quota 19 system

[03:23.74]to require equal numbers of males

[03:25.71]and females to be hired usually

[03:28.34]meets with little success

[03:29.76]if the attitudes of the people

[03:31.62]doing the hiring are subjective

[03:33.92]and preclude the possibility of fair practises being used.

[03:37.85]The empirical evidence shown by the numbers

[03:41.03]makes it easy to show

[03:43.00]which companies exemplify fairness

[03:45.08]and would hinder those

[03:46.94]who only make a feeble attempt to do so.

[03:48.91]If a company does endeavour to incorporate fairness

[03:54.05]in their hiring practises,

[03:55.80]they should be eligible 20 for commendation.

[03:58.31]A diligent 21 attempt to choose the best person

[04:01.93]for the position regardless of their gender

[04:04.44]is only inherent in those companies

[04:07.18]that can envisage 22 a future

[04:09.36]with the best possible work force.