英语语法：125 Formatting Hyperlinks
时间：2019-01-02 作者：英语课 分类：英语语法 Grammar Girl
Grammar Girl here.
Today I'm going to talk about how to format 1 Web addresses for print documents and websites.
URLs and Terminal Punctuation 2
A listener named Aileen recently asked how to deal with a Web address at the end of a sentence. Should she put the period or other terminal punctuation mark at the end of the sentence as she normally would, leave the period off so the reader doesn't mistakenly include it in the address, or do something funky 3 such as put quotes around the Web address?
Most of my books don't cover URL formatting 4, but The Chicago Manual of Style, which is probably the most comprehensive guide when it comes to formatting, says Web addresses don't need special treatment. So put the punctuation in just as you would if the sentence ended with a word or a number. [At least one online style guide agrees (1).]
Full URLs Versus 5 Abbreviated 6 URLs
Whether you should write out the full URL including the “http://” and “www” part is a matter of style (2). If you're including a Web address in a list of references and you're using a specific referencing style like Chicago, MLA, or APA, then you follow their specific recommendations; but if you're writing an essay or e-mail, then the style is up to you or your boss or teacher. Some people prefer to write out the entire address, whereas others prefer to write the shortest address possible that will still work when you type it into a Web browser 7. (Every browser I'm aware of will take you to the right page even if you leave off the “http://www.”) Just decide on a style and stick with it.
Active Links
Nancy in Shawnee Mission, Kansas, wanted to know if her students should make their URLs live hyperlinks 8.
If you're writing a document that will only be read in print, then there's no reason to make the link active; it will just show up underlined in the printout, which is unnecessary. I've included instructions on the quickanddirtytips.com Web page for this show on how to remove hyperlinks in word processing programs.
On the other hand, if your document will be on the Web or in an e-mail message, do make the link clickable so it's easier for your readers to visit the page (3).
Long URLs
The next problem you are likely to encounter is what to do with a long URL. You know what I mean: one of those URLs that seem to go on forever with equal signs and question marks and lots of numbers.
The most important thing is that you should not use a hyphen at the line break. That will definitely confuse people because it's common for URLs to have internal hyphens. And if there is a hyphen in the address, don't make the line break right after it; that will confuse people because they won't know whether you are improperly 9 inserting a hyphen to mark the break or the hyphen is part of the address.
Instead, if you have to wrap the URL to a new line, find a natural break like a slash 10, dot, number sign, or other symbol. Again, use common sense: don't break a URL right after a period or readers might think the period marks the end of the sentence. If you break at a period, make the break before the period so it starts the new line.
The new Grammar Girl website seems unable to handle long URLs; every time I include one in the references it refuses to wrap and messes up the page formatting, which makes everyone cranky. So lately I've been using URL shortening services like TinyURL and urlTea as an alternative to wrapping long URLs. These services are very simple: you go to their website, paste in your long URL, and they spit out a much shorter URL that goes to the same page.
Click Here and Underlining
A few other points about hyperlinks and websites --
When you're turning words into links on a webpage, link the words that best describe what you are linking to instead of putting in self-conscious words like click here (4, 5). A site called “Web Content Design” made a point that I think is worth repeating: The text should make sense without the hyperlinks, which argues against adding words like click here.
Also, it's best to avoid underlining things for emphasis on websites because underlining marks hyperlinks. I know that it's possible to make links any style you want if you fiddle 11 with the code, but underlining is the default style for a link, so if you underline text, some people are going to think it's an active link (4).
Book Winners
We have three more book winners this week. James, Taciane, and Patricia are all subscribed 12 to the free e-mail newsletter and will receive a copy of my audiobook, Grammar Girl's Quick and Dirty Tips to Clean Up Your Writing.
You can sign up for the newsletter by using the blue button in the sidebar at quickanddirtytips.com, where you can also find a transcript 13 of this podcast, my contact information, and all the other great Quick and Dirty Tips podcasts. This week Legal Lad is talking about how much power the U.S. government has to restrict your right to assemble.
That's all. Thanks for listening.
- Please format this floppy disc.请将这张软盘格式化。
- The format of the figure is very tasteful.该图表的格式很雅致。
- My son's punctuation is terrible.我儿子的标点符号很糟糕。
- A piece of writing without any punctuation is difficult to understand.一篇没有任何标点符号的文章是很难懂的。
- The kitchen smelled really funky.这个厨房有一股霉味。
- It is a funky restaurant with very interesting art on the walls.那是一家墙上挂着很有意思的绘画的新潮餐馆。
- Select the block of text and-click and choose Default Formatting. 选择目标文字块，点击鼠标右键，选择默认格式。 来自互联网
- There are emerging conventions about the content and formatting of documentation strings. 这里介绍文档字符串的概念和格式。 来自互联网
- The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
- The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
- View edits in a web browser.在浏览器中看编辑的效果。
- I think my browser has a list of shareware links.我想在浏览器中会有一系列的共享软件链接。
- Specifies if hyperlinks are displayed and function within the control. 指定是否显示超级链接以及它是否在控件中起作用。 来自互联网
- View, add, and change pages, documents, themes, and borders; recalculate hyperlinks. 查看、添加和更改网页、文档、主题和边框；重新计算超链接。 来自互联网
- Of course it was acting improperly. 这样做就是不对嘛！
- He is trying to improperly influence a witness. 他在试图误导证人。
- The shop plans to slash fur prices after Spring Festival.该店计划在春节之后把皮货降价。
- Don't slash your horse in that cruel way.不要那样残忍地鞭打你的马。
- She plays the fiddle well.她小提琴拉得好。
- Don't fiddle with the typewriter.不要摆弄那架打字机了。
- It is not a theory that is commonly subscribed to. 一般人并不赞成这个理论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- I subscribed my name to the document. 我在文件上签了字。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
- They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。