TED演讲:我们能够避免老化(6)

This list is just for illustration; it is incomplete. 这个列表仅仅是一个例子，它是不完整的。 The list on the right is also incomplete. 右边的列表也一样不完整。 It's a list of types of pathology that are age-related, 它们

TED演讲：气味背后的科学(4)

Here's how shape works in normal receptors. 这里展示的是形状是如何对通常的感受器起作用的。 You have a molecule coming in, it gets into the protein, which is schematic here, 一个分子进来，进到蛋白质里，图中所示意

TED演讲：气味背后的科学(6)

So I went searching when I started in this game to convince myself that there was any degree of plausibility to this whole crazy story. 在这个游戏的最初，我就开始寻找说服我自己，这个理论有一定的合理性，这整个故事有

TED演讲：气味背后的科学(8)

OK, great, we smell vibrations. How? All right? 好吧，我们闻到的是震动。怎么闻到呢？ Now when people ask this kind of question, they neglect something, which is that physicists are really clever, unlike biologists. 当人们问这个问

TED演讲：气味背后的科学(9)

And every single part of this mechanism is actually plausible in biology. 实际上，这个机制的每一个步骤在生物领域中都是可行的。 In other words, I've taken off-the-shelf components, and I've made a spectroscope. 换句话讲，我

TED演讲:个体DNA检测的时代来了(2)

DNA is the fundamental molecule the carries genetic instructions that help build the living world. DNA是携带遗传指令最基本的分子，帮助建造了生机勃勃的世界。 Humans have DNA. Pigs have DNA. Even bacteria and some viruses hav

TED演讲:如何把熟蛋变生(1)

It's so obvious that it's practically proverbial. You can't unboil an egg. 很明显又众所周知的是。你不能把一个熟蛋变生。 Well, it turns out you can, sort of. 然而，其实在某种程度上你是可以的。 What thermal energy

TED演讲:为什么油水不能混合(2)

As liquid water, these molecules are engaged in a constant and random square dance that is called the hydrogen bonding network. 作为液态水，这些分子从事着恒定而随机的被称为氢键网络的方块舞。 Entropy favors keeping the s

TED演讲:什么是脂肪(2)

Now, even though both of these molecules are made up of exactly the same building blocks, 尽管这两种分子由一模一样的东西组成， they are two completely different substances, and they behave completely differently inside of us. 但它们

TED演讲:什么是脂肪(1)

Olive oil is 100% fat; there's nothing else in it. 橄榄油含有100%的脂肪，除此之外没有别的。 Pancake mix, on the other hand, is only about 11% fat. 相反，煎饼只有约11%的脂肪。 And, yet, olive oil is good for you, and panc

TED演讲:我们为什么做梦(2)

We dream to keep our brains working. 我们为了保证大脑运转而做梦。 The continual activation theory proposes that 持续激活理论提出， your dreams result from your brain's need to constantly consolidate and create long-term memorie

TED演讲：宏观历史(6)

But of course, life is more than just exotic chemistry. 但是当然，生命不仅仅是奇异的化学物质。 How do you stabilize those huge molecules that seem to be viable? 那是怎么稳定那些大量的、似乎有存活的分子的呢？

TED演讲 获奖青少年,科技在行动(4)

So ovarian cancer is one of those cancers that most people don't know about, 卵巢癌是大多数人所不了解的癌症之一， or at least don't pay that much attention to. 或者至少说没有怎么注意。 But yet, it's the fifth leading cau

TED演讲：细菌是怎样交流的(5)

But then if you think about it, the squid has this terrible problem 但是如果你再深入地想一下，这乌贼会有一个可怕的问题， because it's got this dying, thick culture of bacteria and it can't sustain that. 因为在它的体内，

TED演讲：细菌是怎样交流的(10)

To finish I'll just show you the strategy. 最后，我只跟你们说一下战略。 And this one I'm just using the interspecies molecule, but the logic is exactly the same. 在这里，我们只是使用跨菌种分子，但是思维逻辑是一模一

TED演讲：细菌是怎样交流的(9)

Amd of course, you've just heard and you already know that we're running out of antibiotics. 当然，你一定听说过，而且你早就知道了，我们快要没有有效的抗生素了。 Bacteria are incredibly multi-drug-resistant right now, a

TED演讲：细菌是怎样交流的(8)

So we went back to molecular biology and started studying different bacteria, 所以我们回到分子生物学的方法，开始研究不同的细菌， and what we've found now is that in fact, bacteria are multilingual. 我们现在已经发现，事

TED演讲：细菌是怎样交流的(7)

We also then went to look at what are these molecules -- these were the red triangles on my slides before. 我们同时也研究了这些小分子，这些就是我刚才幻灯上的小红三角形。 And so this is the Vibrio fischeri molecule. This

TED演讲：细菌是怎样交流的(4)

The reason that Vibrio fischeri is doing that comes from the biology. 费氏弧菌的发光现象来自生物学上的原因。 So again, another plug for the animals in the ocean, Vibrio fischeri lives in this squid. 接下来，我们再来看一个海

TED演讲：细菌是怎样交流的(3)

What was actually interesting to us was not that the bacteria made light, but when the bacteria made light. 事实上，我们感兴趣的部分并不是细菌会不会发光，而是细菌何时发光。 What we noticed is when the bacteria were alo