美国学生人类历史 第81期:罗马和迦太基(9)

After seven months, hunger forced them to withdraw. The policy of Rome to treat the foreigneron equal terms had proved a great success and Rome stood stronger than ever before. 在苦苦支撑7个月后，饥饿和身陷异乡的恐慌感在高卢军队

美国学生人类历史 第78期:罗马和迦太基(6)

The Roman Gods were State Functionaries. Each one managed his own department with great prudence and a deep sense of justice, but in turn he was exact in demanding the obedience of his worshippers. This obedience the Romans rendered with scrupulous c

美国学生人类历史 第77期:罗马和迦太基(5)

Our best guess is that the Etruscans came originally from Asia Minor and that a great war or a pestilence in that country had forced them to go away and seek a new home elsewhere. Whatever the reason for their coming, the Etruscans played a great r?l

美国学生人类历史 第76期:罗马和迦太基(4)

Rome began as a thousand American cities have done, by being a convenient place for barter and horse-trading. It lay in the heart of the plains of central Italy The Tiber provided direct access to the sea. The land-road from north to south found here

美国学生人类历史 第75期:罗马和迦太基(3)

Carthage could not possibly tolerate such competition. The young rival must be destroyed lest the Carthaginian rulers lose their prestige as the absolute rulers of the western Mediterranean. The rumors were duly investigated and in a general way thes

美国学生人类历史 第74期:罗马和迦太基(2)

As the years went by the influence of Carthage upon her neighbours increased until the greater part of the African coast, Spain and certain regions of France were Carthaginian possessions, and paid tribute, taxes and dividends to the mighty city on t

美国学生人类历史 第73期:罗马和迦太基(1)

Chapter 22 第二十二章 Rome and Carthage 罗马和迦太基 The Semitic colony of Carthage on the northern coast of Africa and the indo-European city of Rome on the west coast of Italy fought each other for the possession of the Western Mediterra

美国学生人类历史 第72期:小结(3)

When you look at the map you will see how by this time civilisation has described a semi-circle. It begins in Egypt, and by way of Mesopotamia and the Aegean Islands it moves westward until it reaches the European continent. The first four thousand y

美国学生人类历史 第71期:小结(2)

Not only did these hardy people manage to exist through the long cold spells which killed many ferocious animals, but when the earth became warm and comfortable once more,prehistoric man had learned a number of things which gave him such great advant

美国学生人类历史第70期:小结(1)

Chapter 21 第21章 A Summary 总结 A short Summary of Chapters 1 to 20 有关文明起源的小结 Thus far, from the top of our high tower we have been looking eastward. But from this time on, the history of Egypt and Mesopotamia is going to grow

美国学生人类历史第68期:亚历山大大帝(1)

Chapter 20 第二十章 Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝 Alexander the Macedonian establishes a Geek world-empire, and what became of this high ambition 马其顿的亚历山大大帝建立了一个希腊式的世界帝国，他的雄心壮志究

美国学生人类历史第67期:雅典与斯巴达之战(2)

An insignificant quarrel between two little Greek cities led to the final conflict. For thirty years the war between Athens and Sparta continued. It ended in a terrible disaster for Athens. 一段时间里，雅典与斯巴达相安无事。可一件小

美国学生人类历史第66期:雅典与斯巴达之战(1)

Chapter 19 第十九章 Athens VS. Sparta 雅典与斯巴达之战 How Athens and Sparta fought a long and disastrous war for the leadership of Greece 为争夺希腊半岛的领导权，雅典与斯巴达展开了一场漫长而灾难深重的战争。

美国学生人类历史第65期:抗击波斯人侵的战争(5)

But the pass had been lost and the greater part of Greece fell into the hands of the Persians. They marched upon Athens, threw the garrison from the rocks of the Acropolis and burned the city. The people fled to the Island of Salamis. All seemed lost

美国学生人类历史第64期:抗击波斯人侵的战争(4)

Eight years they waited and during this time the Greeks were not idle. They knew that a final attack was to be expected but they did not agree upon the best way to avert the danger. Some people wanted to increase the army. Others said that a strong f

美国学生人类历史第69期:亚历山大大帝(2)

The newly formed Empire must be brought under the influence of the Greek mind. The people must be taught the Greek language-they must live in cities built after a Greek model. The Alexandrian soldier now turned school-master. The military camps of ye

美国学生人类历史第50期:古希腊的自治制度(3)

They asked a man by the name of Draco to provide them with a set of laws that would protect the poor against the aggressions of the rich. Draco set to work. Unfortunately he was a professional lawyer and very much out of touch with ordinary life. In

美国学生人类历史第49期:古希腊的自治制度(2)

His place had been taken by the nobles-a class of rich people who during the course of time had got hold of an undue share of the farms and estates. 他的位置被一群贵族占据。他们是在社会演进的过程中攫取了超额的土地与财产

美国学生人类历史第63期:抗击波斯人侵的战争(3)

The other Greek cities followed her example with the exception of tiny Plataea which sent a thousand men. On the twelfth of September of the year 490, Miltiades, the Athenian commander, threw this little army against the hordes of the Persians. The G

美国学生人类历史第62期:抗击波斯人侵的战争(2)

Of course, the Greeks enjoyed a certain degree of safety because their country lay hidden beyond the deep waters of the Aegean. But here their old enemies, the Phoenicians, stepped forward with offers of help and advice to the Persians. If the Persia