时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:英语音标发音视频


英语课

 语调(intonation),即说话的腔调,就是一句话里声调(pitch)高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的,以英语为例,英语有五种基本语调:升调(?)、降调(?)、升降调(∧)、降升调(∨)以及平调(→)。一句话除了词汇意义(lexical meaning)还有语调意义(intonation meaning)。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义,而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子,语调不同,意思就会不同,有时甚至会相差千里。请看下例:


  1)A:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper?
  B:Sorry?(?)
  Jean用升调说“Sorry”,其意思是“I didn’t hear you.Could 1 you say that again,please?”
  我们再看下句:
  2)A:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper?
  B:Sorry.(?)
  在对话2)中,Jean用降调说“Sorry”,显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。
  美国著名语言学家Kenneth L.Pike认为:
  一个音节的绝对调高是不重要的,而一个音节与另外一个的相对高度才是非常重要的。
  英语有四级能区别意义的调高:
  1)特高调(extra high),即比正常的声调高两级,常在感情特别激动或惊讶时使用。
  2)高调(high),即比正常的声调高一级,一般用于语句中关键性的重读词。
  3)中调(mid),即说话人声音的正常高度。
  4)低调(low),即比正常的声调低一级,
  一般是降调的最低点。
  应该按照说话人的态度来分语调模式,而不能按照句子的语法结构来分。没有所谓“疑问句的语调”或“陈述句的语调”。因为疑问句和陈述句都可以用各种语调模式来说。
  因此,对于我们中国的英语学习者来说,通过了解某种调型所表示的某种态度或口气也就颇为重要。

1 could
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
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Aconitum anthoroideum
anacanthus barbatus
analytical sentence
armourer
barbey
baska
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Bosch fuel pump
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capensis
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case manager
chalazal nucleus
chart dimension
communication systems routing
community centers
compensation of time walk
convertends
Cryptomeria fortunei
current collecting noise
debating point
design estimate
direct access program name table
disbursing officer
Donder's butter
dungate
dynam-
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eye-spud
film projection on special location
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forced lubrication pump
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gelee
gracilaria blodgettii
handwritten form
Heinz-Ebrlich bodies
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hyophila spathulata (harv.) jacg.
identity-thinkings
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like mother used to make it
liquefied petroleum-gas station
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main hull
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moorgates
NC style connection thread
nulghau
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processing ensemble
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technical renovation of railway
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Trichloroethanol
trichoglossum hirsutum
using wrist as a carrier to transfer skin flap indirectly
vitaminB1
workfaces
xwld