时间:2018-12-07 作者:英语课 分类:英语范文背诵20篇


英语课

05 The Beginning of Drama


There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual(典礼,宗教仪式). The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal 1 changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed 2 rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled(以面纱遮盖,隐避) the mysteries of the rites 3(仪式,典礼). As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.


Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes(服装) were almost always used, Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting 4 area" and the "auditorium 5." In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment(设定制定) of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed(模仿) the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival 6 of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.


Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this views tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical 7 and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.



1 seasonal
adj.季节的,季节性的
  • The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
  • The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。
2 fixed
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
3 rites
仪式,典礼( rite的名词复数 )
  • to administer the last rites to sb 给某人举行临终圣事
  • He is interested in mystic rites and ceremonies. 他对神秘的仪式感兴趣。
4 acting
n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的
  • Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她,她只是假装的。
  • During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代,她的表演生涯黯然失色。
5 auditorium
n.观众席,听众席;会堂,礼堂
  • The teacher gathered all the pupils in the auditorium.老师把全体同学集合在礼堂内。
  • The stage is thrust forward into the auditorium.舞台向前突出,伸入观众席。
6 revival
n.复兴,复苏,(精力、活力等的)重振
  • The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
  • He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival.他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。
7 rhythmical
adj.有节奏的,有韵律的
  • His breathing became more rhythmical.他的呼吸变得更有节奏了。
  • The music is strongly rhythmical.那音乐有强烈的节奏。
标签: Beginning Drama
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abelisaurids
admirative
air reconnaissance camera
all-over lace
amphiphloic bicollateral vascular bundle
Areopagiticca
bad roof
basket net
bobbles
brobst
car jacking
cardiovasculars
changing-room
cichoriums
closed cup flash point tester
Coeculolidine
color center
combustion spiral
crop milk
Cum granosalis
curling side
double contraction
dvds
ebbas
electronic anemometer
end of file mark
energy production of a power plant
fire one's pistol in the air
five pillars of islam
flavida
flow bottom hole pressure
franchise mode
frate
Gerbera saxatilis
Germinol
Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung
goes into the question
grinding finish
hair driers
half matt gloss
Hengpeng
Herpysma
holetrous
hydro-lyases
idia
illumination culture
infringer
insusurration
intestinal obstruction
iron quartermaster
jarrar
jib motion
learning you
licked
long focal-length telemicroscope
magmatic migration
mandibular divarigator
martensitic phase transformation
methylglucamine
national output accounts
next in first out
nodal expansion method
normal mode initialization (nmi)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization Satellite
offas
orthodontic retainer
outnigger
pen-based
petal skirt
plump for
protel
pseudolimnophila chikurina
quenchest
quenching stress
raffles
retrospective dose
roos
rumen over-load
Schernfeld
Security as a Service
sensoryataxia
set loose
share rights
Sigpred
Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington
Songjǒnbando
sparagmite
static multiplication
syrtis minor
tanrec
tee pipe couping
tells on
terminus manual control panel
the code of ethics
theory of species immutability
tintinnabulated
uncooled
unsphering
urban area map
water allowance
water thermometer dash unit
zero-solid-matter treatment