时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   元规则主要用于描述某项父结点中子结点成分数量的增减或特征的变化。元规则由“模式结构”和“目标结构”两部分组成。模式结构可表示为P0 → W, Pm其中,P0为父结点,W为范畴的任何变项,Pm为由P0直接支配的结点(m=0或1)。目标结构可表示为a0 → a1, …, ak其中,a0和P0属于同一个主范畴,而且,至多只能有一个ai是W的变项,至多只能有一个ai与Pm相对应。元规则的具体形式如下:


  图 元规则
  以上形式可以读作:如果P0 → W, Pm 是一条词汇直接支配规则,那么,a0 → a1, …, ak也是一条词汇直接支配规则。元规则的作用就是将所有符合模式结构的直接支配规则转变成由目标结构所表示的直接支配规则,从而扩大语法中直接支配规则的数量。例如,英语中表示“被动”的元规则如下:
  图 英语中表示被动的元规则
  其中,W为范畴变项,PAS为VP的特征,by为PP的特征,表示在被动式中,动词短语中的动词取被动式,介词短语中的介词取by。圆括号表示其中的部分可以省略,(PP[by])表示被动句中带by的介词短语PP可以省略。应用这个元规则于英语句子He broke 1 the window,可以得到被动句:The window was 2 broke (by him)。在这个被动句中,原来的动词broke变为was broken,(by him)是可以省略的。

v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破
  • He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
  • After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后,忽然笑了起来。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
标签: 短语结构
学英语单词
A19120
acquaint sb with
additional perils clause
air-supply duct
Allium ursinum
alnovin
annular channel
Arisaka
award for
Ban Chara Mai
band elimination filter
benzenyl fluoride
braking maneuver
canonist
Carling Sunday
Carriole.
cellulose nitrate plastics (cn)
coal-fish oil
contextual declaration
convolvuloides
copper clad steel cable
core library
coups de main
critical depth of groundwater
cup winding machine
curareform drug
defensive play
dot fluorescent screen
excitation of a gas
eyecatchings
family Loasaceae
Fissidentales
fission-product separation
fleeted
free block control table
great-
have the black ox tread on one's foot
heini
hejtmanite
Hilarius
Hindsville
hook rope
hydraulic dump truck
inductance type liquidometer
input/output overlapping
interior perspective center
interstitch
inverted converter
latent content
locations bearing
mathematic expectation
melancholia menstrualis
missile reference line (mrl)
Mittelland
multiple interrupts
nafertisite
nandrolone p-hexyloxyphenylpropionate
natrium nitroferrocyanatum
niltava sundara denotata
niobrara
non-Desargues geometry
nondocumentary
odynopean
onthophagus (onthophagus) trituber
opsis
physical exfoliation
Populus nakaii
postcrash
posterior palatine canal
providers
provisions shop
psychologic operations approach
publishable
radioindicator
regular dividend
Rhabdura
rubellar cataract
sectional detail
sesshin
sheaf of parallel lines
shurs
sliding parity
somehow or other
Soulabali
standard statistical tabulation
Staphylococcus pyogenes var. aureus
status valid
stidy
storage macroinstruction
styrene-butadiene block copolymer
submarine cargo vessel
suckout
supplejack
Taxodonta
tetradehydrocheilanthifonine
Tibni
toe forward pointing
unchurch
unwealthiness
Villingen
voluntarisms
wises'