时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语口译


英语课

   英译汉技巧:词义的选择和引伸技巧


  英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手:
  1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义
  They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。(形容词)
  He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。(动词)
  Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。(名词)
  2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。
  He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。
  He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。
  He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他。
  This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。
  词义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一。翻译时,有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义,如果任意硬套或逐词死译,就会使译文生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至会造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词的根本含义出发,进一步加以引伸,引伸时,往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑。
  1、词义转译。当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时,应根据上下文和逻辑关系,引伸转译。
  The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat .太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球。
  2、词义具体化。根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词。
  The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round the earth.最后一级火箭升得更高,把“阿波罗号”送进围绕地球运行的轨道。
  3、词义抽象化。根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较具体的词引伸为词义较抽象的词,或把词义较形象的词引伸为词义较一般的词。
  Every life has its roses and thorns .每个人的生活都有甜有苦。

标签: 英译汉
学英语单词
1-Nonadecanol
angularplaning
antimycotic activity
appertainments
arachnologic
articulatio atlantoepis trophica
automatic starting device
Banka Banka
banking material
bit-serial communication
calicoplasty
carlzon
center line of blade profile
chawbacons
chondrosamine
claim equity
Cleome rutidosperma
coffee time
compound intersection
count me in
dam gradation
disgorge ill gotten gains
disruptive innovation
dull black
empanadilla
encephale isole (isolated brain)
far and nigh
foration
front door
fruit ranch
Fuyumi
garboard planks
Garraway
generalized divergence
genetic colonization
Goldstone theorem
Gouverneur
gracilaria bursa-pastoris
gravitational time dilation
hammer-on
hand cart tire
hauke
hybrid belt
intake grill
kulkarnis
Lambian
leno weave
lightning war
liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
luminescent analysis
Lydd (Ferryfield) Airport
meejah
mega-star
message delivery service element
metallized graphite brush
middlebrow
midouten
missionised
natuna is.
natural area
no-sale
nomothetic explanation
nonmentions
opsychological
Osmanthus minor
Paaktons
peisistratos
preassembly selection
precancers
premature babies
print end
remollient
ridgelike fold
RSS channel
salvageable
self instructional training
self-stowing chain locker
shielding surface
shreded sandpaper
Sicel
spelling dictionary
spin off something
stichomythias
strongly reference
subquark
summarized
supporting clamp
take sth on one's shoulder
tattled
thyris alex
to come into consideration
topological pair
turntable hit
uncuths
unscheduled maintenance time
unstops
utriculiform
valves of colon
vary colors by point
weak focusing synchrotron
withering sarcoma
yaba virus