时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课
 

我们今天来学习一下英语习语(idioms),就其广义而言,包括俗语(colloquialisms)、谚语(proverb)、俚语(slang expression)等。

一、直译法:

 就是指在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误的联想的条件下,在译文中保留英语习语的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩的方法。例如:

To fight to the last man. 战斗到最后一个人。
To break the record. 打破记录。
Under one’s nose. 在某人鼻子底下。
Armed to the teeth. 武装到牙齿。
Packed like sardines 挤得象罐头沙丁鱼。
The open-door policy. 门户开放政策。
The most-favored-nation clause 最惠国条款
The cold war 冷战
A cat has nine lives. 猫有九命。
Barking dogs do not bite. 吠犬不咬人。

二、汉语同义习语的套用语:

 有的英语习语和汉语同义习语在内容和形式上都相符合,双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩,并且有相同的或大体相同的形象比喻。

1)双方有完全相同的形象比喻:
To praise to the skies. 捧上天去。
To fish in troubled waters. 浑水摸鱼。
To add fuel to the fire. 火上加油。
To be on thin ice. 如履薄冰。
Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。

2)双方有大体相同的形象比喻: 
A drop in the ocean. 沧海一粟。
To laugh off one’s head. 笑掉牙齿。
To be out at elbows. 捉襟见肘。
At sixes and sevens. 乱七八糟。

三、意译法:

 当我们不能够或没有必要用直译法来保留英语习语的表达形式,并且在汉语中也找不到合适的同义习语可供套用,就得用意译法配合上下文把英语习语的含义表达出来。这种方法是比较难的,上面两种只要背诵就可以了,而这个却要你个人来发挥啦。

例1. The teenagers don’t invite Bob to their parties because he is a wet blanket.
简析:a wet blanket.字面意思是“湿的地毯”,根本无法理解了,所以要根据上下文来翻译。
译文:青少年们不邀请鲍勃参加他们的聚会因为他是一个令人扫兴的人。

例2. Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water.
简析:a fish out of water.离开水的鱼,离开水鱼是不能活的,但文中的女孩是不至于要死的,所以也要根据上下文来翻译。
译文:同这么多穿着体面而又有教养的人在一起,这位乡下的女孩感到很不自在。

例3. All right, I blame myself. But it’s the last time. We were cat’s-paws, that is all.
简析:cat’s-paws.猫爪子。查词典我们知道它是“受人利用者”的意思。但在考试时我们不能查工具书的,所以要从上下文来猜测。
译文:得了,怪我自己瞎了眼。可是我再也不干啦。我们上了人家当,没别的。


下面我们来看一些习题:

1. To break the ice, Ted 1 spoke 2 of his interest in mountain climbing, and they soon had a conversation going.
2. She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth; she thinks she can do what she likes.
3. But the die was cast, he could not go back.
4. To spend money like water.
5. Strike while the iron is hot.
6. A rolling stone gathers no moss 3.
7. A gentleman’s agreement.
8. The heel of Achilles.
9. Blood is thicker than water.
10. The position-of-strength policy.


 


参考答案:

1、为了打破沉默,特德说自己对爬山有兴趣,这样他们很快就交谈起来。
2、她生长在宝贵之家,认为凡事都可随心所欲。
3、但事已决定,不容反悔。
4、挥金如土。
5、趁热打铁。
6、滚石不生苔。
7、君子协定。
8、阿基里斯的脚踵。
9、血浓于水。
10、实力地位政策。



vt.翻晒,撒,撒开
  • The invaders gut ted the village.侵略者把村中财物洗劫一空。
  • She often teds the corn when it's sunny.天好的时候她就翻晒玉米。
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
n.苔,藓,地衣
  • Moss grows on a rock.苔藓生在石头上。
  • He was found asleep on a pillow of leaves and moss.有人看见他枕着树叶和苔藓睡着了。
学英语单词
acuate delta
airbender
albite-epidote amphibolite facies
alexander patch
armed services vocational aptitude test
atherinomorus pinguis
avalanche injection type MOS memory
be taken off allocation
butyl phosphoric acid
Cheval-Blanc
clearing heat and removing food stagnation
coal cars
communication type
concubine
Confessionalian
construction documents phase
conveying pipe
counter- revolution
dead of night
dip-moulding
disipidin
doctrine of act of state
dride
endomorphic physique
enterectomies
envigourated
erroneous belief
Erskine Glacier
fall pipe
flamesticks
forbearer
full size bed
galley-worm
galvanized chain
garea
Haemoproteidae
handicraftswoman
heterologous ananaphylaxis
homoerotism
horno
hydrotimetric
imperial unit
Indira
interaction handler
internal intercostal muscle
Lanedrax
laser boring
lava-capped hill
lead-rubber bearing
leptomonad stage
loose combination
low frequency acquisition
magnetooptic(al) switch
make a monkey out of sb
marie-antoinette
mecher
metalinguistic awareness
Motilium
multi channel
non-islanding inverter
north-west
notebook computer
numerical coefficient
ontogenetic
plasmavirus
pole-face bevel
porcelain jar
posterior tentorial pits
pothangers
productivity of waters
Prussian blues
rascaldoms
receiverships
retarding potential method
ridaflone
riftogenesis
secondary raw material
sibenik (sebenico)
simple licence contract
slurcork
soft solder flux
spearhead-shaped
spherical equivalent diameter
stacking elevator
tacopina
tallowwood
Tattenhall
temperature scattering
temperature-rise ratio
tensilon chloride
the third technical revolution
ticket agent
tormentingly
trachelomastoid
traitously
Trouton's viscosity
U core
use ratio
wake losses
whereagainst
whereuntil
wild-cats