法律英语：06 Can Businesses Refuse to Accept Cash?

By Adam Freedman

Today’s topic: can a business refuse to accept cash?

But first, your daily dose of legalese: This podcast does not create an attorney-client relationship with any listener. In other words, although I am a lawyer, I’m not your lawyer. In fact, we barely know each other. If you need personalized legal advice, contact an attorney in your community.

Is it Legal for Airlines to Refuse to Accept Cash?

Fred asks whether American Airlines was acting 1 lawfully 2 when it recently announced that it would no longer accept cash for “in flight” purchases, such as food and drinks. As Fred notes, “All passengers are trapped -- there is no means of egress 3 during a flight, unlike a ground-based transport system, or other 'brick and mortar 4' retail 5 store.” In other words, the passengers can’t defect to a rival airline in mid-flight.

That’s a great point, Fred -- and thanks to my recent six-hour delay on the tarmac at LaGuardia, I can confirm that airline passengers are, indeed, trapped. But unfortunately, that doesn’t mean that the airlines have to accept our cash. The short answer is that federal legal tender laws require creditors 7 to accept payment denominated in dollars, but generally do not require businesses to accept any particular form of payment -- such as cash.

Cash is King

When we use the term “cash” in the United States, we generally mean coins minted by the US Treasury 8, and dollar bills, which are actually called “Federal Reserve notes.” Some people think that cash is dirty stuff, but I confess to being rather attached to the stuff. So are a lot of people, apparently 9, because no-cash policies tend to raise a chorus of protests.

A couple of years ago, many consumers were frustrated 10 when Apple announced that it would not accept cash for iPhones, and would only accept payment by credit card. In an earlier episode, we explained that Apple was probably within its rights as a private business to require payment by credit cards.

And now American Airlines’ policy -- which some expect other airlines to follow -- is raising a similar round of protests. It just goes to show how much people like cash. I mean, I could understand making a fuss about iPhones but airplane food?

What is “Legal Tender”?

Oh well. What has people confused is the notion that cash is “legal tender.” If you look at a dollar bill -- er, Federal Reserve Note -- in your wallet, you’ll see that it says “this note is legal tender for all debts, public and private.”

“Legal tender” is what makes an official currency official. It means that a creditor 6 must accept federal reserve notes in satisfaction of a debt. If you get to the checkout 11 line at the local Piggly Wiggly and the cashier demands payment in rubles or pesos you have every right to say “Sorry buddy 12, but I’ve got some Federal Reserve notes burning a hole in my pocket.”

You have that right under the "legal tender" statute 13 which states: "United States coins and currency (including Federal Reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal Reserve banks and national banks) are legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and dues."

Businesses Must Accept “Dollars,” but Not Cash

This means that US notes and coins are a valid 14 and legal offer of payment for debts when tendered to a creditor. However, although businesses must accept dollars, that doesn’t mean they literally 15 have to take your big wad of bill,s which is bulky, difficult to make change for, and, frankly 16, a breeding ground for germs.   A vendor 17 can usually put reasonable conditions on the manner in which they will accept dollars, and one of those conditions can be that they’ll only accept dollars electronically, via credit card. Or, as the US Treasury explains on their website, “Private businesses are free to develop their own policies on whether or not to accept cash unless there is a State law which says otherwise.”

So far, Legal Lad has yet to find a state law that mandates 18 payment in cash. In fact, as we discussed in our earlier episodes, courts in a number of states have dismissed challenges to various no-cash policies.   But Fred, if you can find a state that forbids no-cash policies, then you can certainly try to get the airline to accept your cash -- of course, you’ll have to wait until the plane is flying over that particular state. On second thought, if you really have a hankering for rubber chicken, soggy sandwiches, and teeny-tiny bottles of chardonnay, play it safe and bring your plastic on-board.

Safe travels!

Oh, and one more thing. Quick and Dirty Tips has added a new podcast to its line-up, “The Dealista.” Created by the editors of the popular personal finance community Wise Bread, The Dealista delivers insider tips on how to find the best deals, get freebies, protect your consumer rights, and beat retailers 19 at their own game. Check it out at quickanddirtytips.com.

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