时间:2018-12-24 作者:英语课 分类:Scientific American(八)月


英语课

   The lone 1 wolf’s howl has long been chosen as a symbol of melancholy 2 and loss. Now researchers have demonstrated that the choice was accurate. Howling is not related to the stress level of the crying canine 3 or the dominance status of the departing wolf; the best predictor of a wolf’s howl is the closeness of the howler’s relationship with the wolf leaving its side. The study is in the journal Current Biology.


  The researchers separated individuals living in Austria’s Wolf Science Center. They recorded the resulting howls for 20 minutes after separation. Then the scientists took a sample of saliva 4 from the howling wolves to measure circulating levels of cortisol, a hormonal 5 stress indicator 6.
  Cortisol levels increased during all separations, whether a preferred partner or any other pack mate was taken away. But howling was much more pronounced when a close partner was removed
  The researchers thus concluded that the level of howling was determined 7 by the relationship of the howler with the separated wolf, regardless of the removed wolf’s rank. Because even a wolf, apparently 8, can have a best friend.

1 lone
adj.孤寂的,单独的;唯一的
  • A lone sea gull flew across the sky.一只孤独的海鸥在空中飞过。
  • She could see a lone figure on the deserted beach.她在空旷的海滩上能看到一个孤独的身影。
2 melancholy
n.忧郁,愁思;adj.令人感伤(沮丧)的,忧郁的
  • All at once he fell into a state of profound melancholy.他立即陷入无尽的忧思之中。
  • He felt melancholy after he failed the exam.这次考试没通过,他感到很郁闷。
3 canine
adj.犬的,犬科的
  • The fox is a canine animal.狐狸是犬科动物。
  • Herbivorous animals have very small canine teeth,or none.食草动物的犬牙很小或者没有。
4 saliva
n.唾液,口水
  • He wiped a dribble of saliva from his chin.他擦掉了下巴上的几滴口水。
  • Saliva dribbled from the baby's mouth.唾液从婴儿的嘴里流了出来。
5 hormonal
adj.激素的
  • Some viral diseases are more severe during pregnancy, probably tecause of hormonal changes. 有些病毒病在妊娠期间比较严重,可能是由于激素变化引起的。
  • She underwent surgical intervention and a subsequent short period of hormonal therapy. 他接受外科手术及随后短暂荷尔蒙治疗。
6 indicator
n.指标;指示物,指示者;指示器
  • Gold prices are often seen as an indicator of inflation.黃金价格常常被看作是通货膨胀的指标。
  • His left-hand indicator is flashing.他左手边的转向灯正在闪亮。
7 determined
adj.坚定的;有决心的
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
8 apparently
adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
  • An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
  • He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
学英语单词
a fine man
acremonium fusigerum
acupuncturists
aerodynamically unsupported missile
aft fuselage
Airmouse
aishanna
Alberschwende
all of a sort
alliaceous odor
AN (air natural cooled)
apomorphine hydroehloride
athwart ship force Q
auditory cartilage
axle weight
bar-mitzvah
benefits and risks
Brocas area
childhood education
Clark's Town
clear display
comma splice
commodity-driven
component system
craigmontite
crane forward
critta
daki
defoamer agent
directory access protocol
earphones
electronic probe microanalysis
family Equisetaceae
filler order number
floods in
general osteosclerosis
glandularia
grants in aid for public health
grindal
ground trainer
guard car
Guerrero, R.
gymno-colon
hangingon
helical manometer
high pressure expansion machine
Histiopteris
hohenlindens
huge scale
human placental lactogen
hydropleuritis
imprisonable
input-output statement
irrigation reservoir
isostylous
keep to something
kelsi
lapide
lasurapatite
let down heat exchanger
lg
lone-wolf
low finish
medial basal segment of lower lobe
musculus rectus capitis dorsalis
mutori
naphthionate
numeral control robot
optical camouflage
plumbing bar
popularity rating
powder flame spraying
predicator
Printer Job Language
prolegate
pump packing
quartz disk
rapid discharge rate capacity
rate-controlled step
RB (run back)
recipocating engine
resilient element
Rognedino
rusticators
satellite office
shredding of emulsion
sifting box
squirmers
superatomic
symmetric component
taper bit
template phase
termitophile
tetouan
threephase starter
ultimate density
vena colicas
weight-watchers
Winnipegosis
wolfe
yotta-
Zwicky compact galaxy