走进剑桥大学 第26期:数学巨匠华罗庚

 Hua Luogeng

数学巨匠华罗庚
Hua Luogeng was the first world-famous scholar returned from overseas upon the founding of the People's Republic of China. He fostered and educated many mathematicians 2 of New China, his influence lasting 3 several generations. He was a fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences and the first Chinese member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since its foundation in the late 19th Century. English mathematician 1 Harry 4 Bateman once praised Hua as “China's Einstein，” saying he was worthy 5 to be a member of any famous science academy around the world. Mathematical accomplishments 6 named after him include Hua's theorem, Weil-Hua inequation, Hua's inequation, Brauer-Cartan-Hua theorem and Hua matrices.
华罗庚是新中国成立后，从海外归来的第一位国际知名学者。他为新中国培养了一大批数学人才，影晌了好几代人。他是第三世界科学院院士，也是美国科学院自19世纪末成立以来的第一位中国院士。英国数学家哈利贝特曼曾把华罗庚誉为“中国的爱因斯坦”，并说他足以成为全世界所有著名科学院的院士。在国际上以华氏命名的数学科研成果就有“华氏定理”“怀依一华不等式”“华氏不等式”、“普劳威尔一加当华定理”“华氏算子”等。
In 1936, Hua went to Cambridge University to study. During the following two years, he wrote 18 articles, of which “Hua's theorem” actually persuaded the famous English mathematician G.H. Hardy 7 to revise one of his works just before its publication. Hua also solved the problem of a complete triangle sum estimation put forward by Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss, arousing a sensation in the university and becoming regarded as the “glory of Cambridge”. After returning to China, he became a professor in Southwest Associated University and an academician of Academia Sinica (predecessor to Chinese Academy of Sciences in the PRC), His greatest work Additive 8 Theory of Prime Numbers finished in 1942 won him First-Class honors in natural science. Later, he went to the Soviet 9 Union and the United States to give lectures and was invited to be a researcher at Princeton Research Institute and tenured professor of Illinois University. He was the first chair of the Department of Mathematics and vice 10 president of Universityof Science and Technology of China (USTC), head of Mathematics Institute and later Institute of Applied 11 Mathematics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), academician and vice president of CAS. In 1957, his work Harmonic analysis of functions of several complex variables in the classical domains 12 won the first prize of State inventions.
1936年，华罗庚前往剑桥大学学习。在接下来的两年时间里，他写了18篇论文， 其中关于“华氏定理”的那篇甚至说服了英国著名数学家哈代亲自操刀对其进行发表前的修改。他解决了高斯完整三角和估计的历史难题，曾在剑桥引起轰动,并被称作“剑桥的荣光”。回国后，他在西南联合大学执教，并当选为中国中央研究院士（中国科学院前身）。在1942完成的《堆垒素数论》为他在自然科学领域贏得了很高的声誉。之后，他前往原苏联和美国访问讲学，期间曾任美国普林斯顿高等研究院研究员，并被伊利诺伊大学聘为终身教授。华罗庚还曾担任中国科学院数学研究所第一任所长，中国科技大学副校长，中国数学会理事长，中国科学院应用数学研究所所长， 中国科学院副院长等职。1957年，他的《多复变数函数论中的曲型域的调和分析》为他赢得了国家发明奖的一等将。
In the beginning of the 1960s, he applied mathematics to the national economy in a creative way, sorting out optimization 13 aiming at improving craftsmanship 14 and overall planning to handle the organization and management of production. He led a team to promote the two new methods in more than 20 provinces and. municipalities around the country, achieving obvious economic profit. Early in 1964，he wrote to Chairman Mao Zedong, Mao then wrote back to him cherishing his “high aspirations” and offering his congratulations. He died of a heart attack in 1985 while giving a lecture in the University of Tokyo in Japan.
20世纪60年代初，他创造性地把数学应用于促进国家经济发展。他发现数学中的统筹法和优选法是在工农业生产中能够被普遍应用的方法，可以提高工作效率，改变工作管理方式。他带领了一个小分队前往全国20多个省市去推广统筹法和优选法， 结果取得了明显的经济成效。1964年初，他给毛主席写信，之后毛主席亲笔回函道：“诗和信己经收读。壮志凌云，可喜可贺。”1985年，他在日本东京大学讲学时因突发急性心肌梗塞而倒在了讲台上。