时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读


英语课

   如果你对英语语法一窍不通,那下面这篇文章会对你的四级语法备考有很大的帮助,语法无处不在,阅读,作文以及翻译中都会有语法的踪影,所以学好四级语法至关重要。下面就跟小编一起学习四级语法吧!


  英语中,只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句叫做简单句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干,是句子的核心。除口语中的一些特殊句型外,英语的句子必须含有主语和谓语
  ,否则不成句子,无法完整地表达思想。除了主语和谓语外,简单句中还可以有宾语、表语、补语、状语、定语等。简单句是复杂句子的基本组成单位,因此正确理解、使用简单句十分重要。简单句可归纳为五个基本
  句型。学习这些基本句型要从动词入手,因为不同类型的动词要求不同的句型。
  1.SV句型(主语+谓语)
  这类句型中的动词都是不及物动词,不需要跟宾语、表语,但可跟必要的状语。例如:
  She is always complaining.她总是在发牢骚。
  The price of bread has risen sharply 1.面包的价格已大幅度上涨。
  2.SVC句型(主语+谓语+表语)
  这类句型中的动词都是系动词。系动词后面要跟表语,说明主语的状态、特征、身份等。可担当表语的有形容词、名词、分词、介词短语等。例如:
  The doctors seemed very capable 2
  这些医生似乎很有能力。(形容词作表语)
  You can rest assured 3 that we will do all we can.
  你可以放心,我们将尽力而为。(分词作表语)
  The tape recorder is on the table.
  录音机在桌子上。(介词短语作表语)
  January is the first month of the year.
  一月是一年的第一个月份。(名词作表语)
  学习该句型关键的是掌握系动词及其搭配使用。系动词大致可分为三类:
  1)表示具有某种性质、特征或处于某种状态的系动词,如:be,appear,seem,look, taste,sound,feel,smell等。例如:
  The story of his life sounds interesting.
  他的生平听起来很有趣。
  The plan looks good on paper,but will it work?
  这个计划从纸面上看不错,但能行得通吗?
  The house appeared deserted 4
  那所房子看来无人居砖?
  2)表示状态变化的系动词,如:become, come,fall,get,go,grow,turn,run,turn out等。例如:
  Leaves turn yellow in the autumn.
  树叶在秋天变黄。
  The post of headmaster fell/became vacant 5
  校长的位子空了下来。
  The sound of the music grew faint as the band marched away.
  音乐声随着乐队走远而渐渐减弱。
  3)表示某种持续状态的系动词,如: keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand等。例如:
  Few of the houses there remained standing 6 after the earthquake.
  地震过后,那里没有几所房子没有倒塌。
  The book lay open on the table.
  那本书摊开放在桌子上。
  The weather has stayed warm all week.
  天气整个星期都很暖和。
  注意:系动词后跟什么样的表语并不是任意的,有一些固定搭配需特别记忆。如:
  get ready(准备好了),get dark[(天)变黑],turn red /yellow(变红/黄),go bad /mad(变坏/变疯),go wrong(出错),keep silent(保持沉默), come true(实现了),fall asleep(睡着了
  ),fall ill(生病),等。
  3.SVO句型(主语+谓语+宾语)
  这类句型中的动词都为及物动词,动词后必须跟宾语,但只跟一个宾语。例如:
  You should inform the manager and all the members of the company.
  你应该通知经理和公司所有员工。
  The police are investigating the crime.
  警方正在调查这桩罪行。
  4.SVOiOd句型(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
  这类句型中的动词都为及物动词,而且需跟双宾语,即直接宾语(动作的承受者)和间接宾语(动作结果所涉及者)。例如:
  The driver saved us a lot of trouble.
  司机为我们省去了很多麻烦。
  They have offered us $60,000for the house.Shall we take it?
  他们已向我们出价六万美元买这所房子。我们卖不卖?
  需注意的是:间接宾语常用介词to和for引出。如果间接宾语是动作结果涉及的对象,即表示动作是对谁做的,用to;如果间接宾语是动作结果的受益者,即动作是为谁做的,用 for。如果间接宾语是人称代词,需用to
  或for引出。
  可由to引出间接宾语的动词有:give, send,show,write,bring,read,pass,lend,? leave,hand,tell,return,throw,owe等。例如:
  He passed the salt to her.
  他把盐递给了她。
  You’d better hand it directly to the de- partment head.
  你最好直接把它交给系主任。
  可由for引出间接宾语的动词有:buy, fetch,make,get,cook,sing,spare,do, paint,play,find等。例如:
  We are going to sing some songs for our friends.
  我们要为我们的朋友唱几首歌。
  Could you fetch a clean shirt for me?
  你能替我去取一件干净的衬衫吗?
  5.SVOC句型(主语+谓语+宾语+宾补)
  这类句型中的动词都是及物动词,但它们跟了宾语后句子意思仍不完整,需在宾语后再跟一个成分,表示宾语的动作或说明宾语的状态、特性、身份等。这个成分被称为宾语补足语(Object Complement)。宾语与宾补
  之间的关系是逻辑上的主谓关系;宾补可以由形容词、分词、不定式、名词和介词短语来担当。例如:
  They found the story very instructive.
  他们发现这个故事很有教育意义。(形容词作宾补,比较:The story was very??instructive.)
  The doctor advised him to take a good rest.
  医生劝他好好休息。(不定式作宾补,比较:In the doctor’s opinion,he should take a good rest.)
  He felt something moving on his back.
  他感到什么东西在他背上移动。(现在分词作宾补,比较:Something was moving on his back.)
  They found the hall crowded with people.
  他们发现大厅里挤满了人。(过去分词作宾补,比较:The hall was crowded with people.)
  They made him captain of the ship.
  他们选他做了船长。(名词作宾补,比较:He was captain of the ship.)
  The cold kept me in bed for three days.
  这次感冒使我三天卧床不起。(介词短语作宾补,比较:I was in bed for three days because of the cold.)
  上述五种句型必要时都可跟状语。掌握了这些简单句的基本句型后,通过并列、从属、添加修饰语等手段对其进行扩展,我们就可以构造各种复杂的句子,表达更为复杂的思想。
  不要再问语法怎么学,从基本学起,你就在进步。

1 sharply
adj.锐利地,急速;adv.严厉地,鲜明地
  • The plane dived sharply and rose again.飞机猛然俯冲而后又拉了起来。
  • Demand for personal computers has risen sharply.对个人电脑的需求急剧增长。
2 capable
adj.有能力的,有才能的
  • The new woman secretary was extremely clever and capable.这位新来的女秘书很是精明强干。
  • Jim is capable at sports.吉姆擅长运动。
3 assured
a.确实的,深信的
  • He spoke in a calm, assured voice. 他冷静自信地说。
  • The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
4 deserted
adj.荒芜的,荒废的,无人的,被遗弃的
  • The deserted village was filled with a deathly silence.这个荒废的村庄死一般的寂静。
  • The enemy chieftain was opposed and deserted by his followers.敌人头目众叛亲离。
5 vacant
adj.未被占用的,空着的;空缺的
  • A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
  • He stared into space with a vacant expression.他茫然地凝视着天空。
6 standing
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
标签: 四级语法
学英语单词
alaskane
antebellum
apoxesis
apple turnover
aquabib
Arago's rotation
articulatin
Avaxim
bagpiper
balseria (panama)
beauseigneur
bone mineral
brachial fold
Brekken
Brunei Town
built-in error correction
catchcries
centuplications
Chagos Trench
chart level
circlec method
content element
cross-assimilation
crossover valve
crown rent roll
decoupled zero
discharge of storm sewage
drilling people
earcaps
engine lifting bracket
faint heartedness
film boiling range
Frand partial dislocation
Gillmore needle
Gonorhynchus
granitational equilibrium
Grecian slipper
Greffen
hackings
harmonic range
herb simons
home machine
hydrocenids
hypodiastole
incipient error
infectious particle
jiu zhang suan shu(nine chapters on mathematical method)
Karlowitz
kat-
L(alpha)-argentite
labiodentally
load dispatching centre
mansarts
Mary L.
mattoirs
mdrc
meter in system
mortgage finance
neurite
oracle
organic accelerator
part-number
permit for transportation of the customs
petroselinolic acid
Peucedanum violaceum
phase slowness
pillow block bearing cup
preapp
printing computer
proper efficient solution
pyroacids
replevy
rice soil
round ligament rupture
scapulocoracoidea
Scheffer stroke
sectioning method
set much store by
skin pass mill
Somatmpin
South-South Conference
spetows
stablemate comparison
Strobilanthes compacta
Sulcus calcarinus
Swertia conaensis
swiveling unloading flap
system of axes
tactick
technifermion
Tetrachilomastix intestinalis
the interaction
the performance
to table a proposal
underground layer
university computing company
velo
ventilation pipe on roof
ventral cell
walking through