时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读


英语课

   名词性从句中的虚拟语气


  第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气
  一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
  在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
  一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):
  从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was 1),实义动词用过去式。例:< /p>
  1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)
  2. I wish it were spring in my hometown 2 all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)
  3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)
  4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)
  5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood 3 Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
  现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)
  6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)
  二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):
  用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would 4, could 5, might 6+现在完成时。例:
  1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn’t wasted 8 so much time.
  我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)
  2. He wishes he hadn’t lost the chance 9.
  他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)
  3. We wished he had 7 spoken 10 to us.
  (wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)
  4. I wish you had called earlier.
  (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)
  5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.
  (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)
  例题分析:I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
  A. could have slept   B. slept  C. might have slept   D. have slept
  动词wish后面接从句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即 用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had
  to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案
  三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望):
  从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。用 wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例:
  1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)
  我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)
  2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
  我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)
  3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
  你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)
  4. I wish she would change her mind 11.(would + change)
  我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)
  5. He will wish we would join him the following 12 week.(would + join)
  (只是希望我们和他在一起,实际上还没在一起)
  四)、注意:
  1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如:
  I wished I hadn’t spent so much money.
  我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。
  2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求
  I wish he would answer my letter.
  I wish prices 13 would come down.

1 was
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
2 hometown
n.故乡;家乡
  • Australia is the hometown of kangaroos.澳大利亚是袋鼠的故乡。
  • My hometown is 100 miles away from here.我的家乡离这里有一百英里路。
3 understood
vbl.understand的过去式和过去分词
  • He is understood to be a man of ability.他被认为是一个有能力的人。
  • It is understood that hard work can bring success.不言而喻,艰苦的工作可带来成功。
4 would
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
5 could
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
6 might
aux./v.(may的过去式)可能;可以,允许
  • It looks as if it might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
  • Might I ask a question?我能问个问题吗?
7 had
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
8 wasted
adj.(常指因病而)憔悴的,疲惫不堪;徒劳的;无用的
  • The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money. 那项工程耗费了相当多的时间和资金。
  • We had a wasted trip—they weren't in. 我们白跑了一趟,他们不在。
9 chance
n.机会,意外;运气;风险;vi.偶然发生;vt.偶然发生,冒险
  • We will take a chance to have the party outdoor.我们将冒险举行露天聚会。
  • This is the last chance any of us has.对于我们中的任何人来说,这是最后的一次机会。
10 spoken
adj.口语的;口说的;口头的
  • His spoken English is very good.他的英语口语非常好。
  • We'll hold a talk on how to improve our spoken English.我们将要举行一次关于如何提高我们的英语口语的会谈。
11 mind
n.思想,主意,心意;v.介意,照顾,留心
  • I've changed my mind.我一经转变主意。
  • You really don't mind?你真的不介意?
12 following
n.下列各项,部下,党羽;aaj.下列的,其次的;vbl.跟随
  • The following is the full text.全文如下。
  • Answer the following questions.回答下列问题。
13 prices
n.价格,价钱( price的名词复数 );代价;行市
  • Prices did not alter significantly during 2004. 2004年期间,价格没有大的变化。
  • The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
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