时间:2018-12-16 作者:英语课 分类:李阳疯狂说英语


英语课

   高考英语短文改错题虽然所占分数不多,但是英语短文改错题好得分也最容易失分,我们为考生总结几个短文改错的小技巧,希望对考生有所帮助。


  高考英语短文改错题具有“高起点、低落点”的特点,对学生的语言感觉和语言能力要求较高,但改正的错误往往比较简单。很多学生做不好改错题不是因为没有掌握这些语法知识,而是不能通过语感找出错误。所以培养学生有意识地去注意一些高考短文改错的常考点非常重要。
  一、查时态是否一致
  时态错误几乎是每年NMET短文改错中必设的改错题。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。例如: Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET' 93) is 应改为was 2, 使之与时间状语in the past一致。
  二、查主谓是否一致
  在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时,还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。例如:
  1.Anyone 3 may borrow 4 books, and it cost 5 nothing to borrow them. (NMET' 94)cost应改为costs,因 其主语是it(为形式主语),且上下文均为一般现在时。
  2.The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class…(NMET'93)由or连接的两个以上的主语应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数形式,故become应改为becomes。
  主谓语一致的情况较为复杂,考生平时学习要留心归纳。有些特殊句式的主谓一致问题很容易被忽视,如倒装句、关系代词在定语从句中做主语的情况等,答题时要高度重视。
  三、查指代是否一致
  对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用,注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致,包括人称代词、指标代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。例如:
  1.We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe 6…(NMET'92)根据上下文 ,句中的They属指代不一致,应改为We。
  2.The game speaks for themselves 7. ( MET'90) 句中的反身代词themselves应改为单数itself,因为指代的是单数主语the game
  四、查平行结构是否平行一致
  由and,or,but,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only …but also…,as 1 well as等并列连词和词 组连接的结构可称为平行结构。平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。答题时要留心平行结构前后是否对等平行,这也是常设的错误。例如:
  Modern 8 people know…,have better food,and to live in cleaner 9 surroundings 10.(NMET'93)应将 to live前的to删掉,因为and连接的是know,have,live三个并列平行的谓语动词,其时态和形式必须一致。
  五、查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致
  名词数的错误也是高考常设的改错题。要查一下名词是否可数,与其修饰语是否一致。例如:
  1.…They have been to Europe many time. (NMET'92)time(次)显然与修饰语many不一致,应改为times。
  2.(They) … asked me lots of question.(NMET'96)question 是可数名词,其修饰词是lots of,当然应该用复数questions。
  六、查行文逻辑是否一致
  查这方面的错误应从文章整体内容出发,通篇考虑,以行为单位是难以发现这种错误的。逻辑不一致主要是由肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词(如come与go,take与bring)的误用所造成的,应多从这方面去查找。 例如:
  1.Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since 11 they are ill.(NM ET'93)根据行文逻辑,这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句,而应该是when/whenever或if来引导时间或 条件状语从句。
  2.We tried to fix 12 it and there was nothing we could 13 do. (NMET'91)根据行文逻辑,表示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but。
  总之,短文改错要注意联系上下文和时态的变化,做题时应以句子为单位,同时兼顾改错的原则。这个原则就是不能改变原意,不能轻易去掉动词、名词等实词,去掉的通常是固定搭配结构中多余的部分。同样,增加的词也是固定搭配中缺少的部分或者是定语从句中的先行词或介词。短文改错中名词的错误多是可数名词和不可数名词的混用;形容词的错误一般是比较级和最高级的混用;副词的错误一般来说是该用副词的地方用成了形容词。
  做好短文改错题,可以从以下三方面去考虑:
  1.快速阅读短文,如抓住中心思想,从整体上对短文有个了解。不了解全文,很难判断如时态和代词的相关错误。
  2.充分运用语言的基础知识,从句型结构、词的变化、词类选择、词的搭配、习惯用法出发,进行分析判断,尽快找出错误在何处。
  3.重视整体和语境,从上下文关系中找出表达连接关系或逻辑关系的词或词组,判断是递进关系还是转折关系,是因果关系还是让步关系。
  高考中英语改错题有1:1:2:6的规律,即正确一行,缺词一行,多词一二行,错词六行。答题时请从以下几点着眼:
  1.句中的时态、主谓、代词一致吗?
  2.句中的谓语完整吗?
  3.习惯用法固定搭配正确吗?
  4.冠词、形容词、副词及关系词得当吗?
  5.该用被动语态吗?
  6.从句的连接词对了吗?
  7.从句中的谓语完整吗?

1 as
conj.按照;如同
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
2 was
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
3 anyone
pron.(=everybody)任何人
  • Anyone who wants to can join.愿意的都可以参加。
  • Have you got anyone to speak for you?你找到人代表你们发言了吗?
4 borrow
vt.借,借入,借用;vi.借
  • Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗?
  • You can borrow this dictionary from the library.你可以从图书馆借到这本字典。
5 cost
n.价钱,费用,成本;损失,牺牲
  • What does the book cost?这本书值多少?
  • He saved his daughter at the cost of his life.他以牺牲自己的生命挽救了女儿。
6 Europe
n.欧洲
  • Have you traveled in Europe?你到欧洲旅行过吗?
  • We're planning to visit Europe this summer.我们正打算今年夏天去欧洲旅行。
7 themselves
pron.他们自己,她们自己,它们本身;他们亲自;他自己
  • They finished the work by themselves.他们自己完成了这项工作。
  • The boys didn't know what to do with themselves after school ended.男孩们不知道放学后该做些什么。
8 modern
n.现代人,有思想的人;adj.现代的,时髦的
  • England is the birthplace of the modern novel.英国是近代小说发源地。
  • She's a modern girl.她是一个摩登女郎。
9 cleaner
n.清洁剂,清洁工
  • I used to work as a cleaner in a hospital.我过去在医院里做保洁员。
  • Take your clothes to the cleaner.将你的衣服送到洗衣店。
10 surroundings
n.周围的事物(或情况),环境
  • She is not very well tuned into her surroundings. 她不太适应周围的环境。
  • The rich man lives in luxurious surroundings.这位富人生活在奢侈的环境中。
11 since
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
12 fix
v.使...固定,修理,准备
  • I'll try to fix it soon.我将尽快修理它。
  • I'm going to stay behind and fix dinner.我会留下来安排晚餐。
13 could
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
标签: 高考英语
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affiliatory
alphatic mercuration
angiocardiograms
antineutropenic
Apneumony
Arapiles
argentocyanide
Aufkirch
biathlon
bigamously
blown someone off
cactoids
carandente
catalytic amount
clean-up operation
coil dissipation
colloidal mud
colter drill
computer assisted personal interviewing
Constantine-Silvanus
cottonwoods
current indicator lamp
daryaganj
DB list
delay-line helix
discrete maximum principle
dussert
electro-thermal equivalent
electronic millsecondmeter
Epilast
equivalent articulation loss
Eritrichium spathulatum
exactly right
extended port
false impression
fine-mapping
flabellinids
gamma radiometer in borehole
genetic differences
Hammond postulate
high-temperature-oxidation resistant coating
hollow stalk
HWL (hot water line)
indicator plankton
Kalkchabasit
Knoop hardness
lag wood screw
lambdoid suture
limp standard
Manganoandalusite
Meyer atomic volume curve
minimum wall thickness
mnemonic instruction code
multiplatinum
Neumann method
nicalex
occidentalol
ochterus marginatus
optimal Bayes control
oscillator stage
outgoing current
peachwort
photoelectric tristimulus colorimetry
plastic mortar
plastic-faced plywood
polyether ester thermoplastic elastomer
pootas
prices guard wire
print line length
production force
progress variable
pseudoinclusion
quality ranges
repetitive transportation
ring-shaped placenta
Roan Mountain
roll-tech
Rubik's cubist
saline contamination
Sc. D. Med.
scotist
section column
sexadecimal number
split pin for set piston rod
spring free end
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Strunian Stage
subflare kernel
superantigenicity
telepherage
temperature vibration
the deceased
three-step
to go out
tombolas
travel bag
two-periods
vermiculture
wave shaping electronics
woman power
yeast autolysate