VOA常速英语2017--简易爆炸装置威胁安全与稳定

Home-made bombs, known as Improvised 1 Explosive Devices, or IEDs, are used by terrorists not only to attack opposition 2 military forces, but also increasingly to harm civilian 3 populations. As a world leader in clearing explosive hazards that threaten civilians 4, the United States is taking action to tackle these deadly devices in Iraq, Syria, Colombia, Afghanistan and elsewhere around the world.

自制炸弹，又称简易爆炸装置(IED)是恐怖分子的工具，他们不止用它来攻击反对派军力，也越来越多地用于伤害平民百姓。美国一直带头清理威胁平民的爆炸危险物，而现在，美国也在采取行动清除伊拉克、叙利亚、哥伦比亚、阿富汗和世界其他地方的致命炸弹装置。

According to the Landmine 5 Monitor, an annual report by a non-governmental organization, person-activated IEDs and improvised landmines 6 caused 1,075 casualties in 2014 and 1,331 casualties in 2015.

根据地雷监控报告的数据（该报告由某非政府组织发布，一年一次），由人触发的简易爆炸装置和随机地雷于2014年造成1075人伤亡，2015年造成1331人伤亡。

IEDs are a particular threat to both military personnel and civilians as they enter areas previously 7 occupied by terrorists. For example, during the final months of the battle for Mosul, ISIS sowed the city streets with IEDs to prevent civilians from leaving. Later, as they retreated from the city, the terrorists set thousands of IEDs around critical infrastructure 8 like power and water utilities, schools, and hospitals.

简易爆炸装置对于军人和平民来说都是一种特殊的威胁，只要他们进入到曾被恐怖分子占领的区域就是如此。比如，在摩苏尔之战的最后几个月里，IS在摩苏尔的大街小巷埋下了简易爆炸装置，为的是防止平民离开。随后，他们从摩苏尔撤退之际，这些恐怖分子在电力、水力设施、学校、医院等重大基础设施附近安置了许多简易爆炸装置。

Non-state armed groups such as ISIS and the Taliban often use IEDs to destabilize peace operations and terrorize civilian populations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria, writes Stephanie Pico, a Public Diplomacy 9 Officer at the U.S. Department of State.

非政府武装组织，比如IS和塔利班，经常使用简易爆炸装置来破坏和平行动的稳定，恐吓伊拉克、阿富汗、叙利亚的平民百姓，美国国务院负责公共外交事务的官员斯蒂芬妮如是说道。

ISIS also has deliberately 10 placed IEDs before retreating from an area with the intent of prolonging insecurity, inflicting 11 additional casualties on communities struggling to recover, and delaying economic redevelopment in liberated 12 communities long after direct ISIS-instigated hostilities 13 in those areas cease.

IS还曾在退出某地区前，故意安置简易爆炸装置，目的是延长不安全时期，对那些苦苦寻求重建的各个社群造成额外的伤亡，拖拽已经解放的社群再次发展经济的步伐，即便这些社群已经脱离于IS主导的恶意行为很久之后也是如此。

The United States is the world leader in conventional weapons destruction, including humanitarian 14 demining, having invested over 2.8 billion dollars in projects in more than 100 countries since 1993.

美国一直牵头做销毁传统武器的工作，包括人道主义排雷，自1993年以来已经在100多个国家的多个项目中投资了28亿多美元。

In addition to humanitarian demining the United States Counter-IED efforts work to disrupt networks that use IEDs, and train the forces fighting those networks to identify IEDs and protect against them.

除了人道主义排雷之外，美国的反简易爆炸装置工作也扰乱了使用简易爆炸装置的多个体系，同时也培训那些抗击这些体系的生力军，让他们能识别简易爆炸装置，保护其他人不受简易爆炸装置的伤害。

Counter-IED differs from humanitarian demining in that it focuses on deterring 15, detecting, and preventing IED employment before threats become imminent 16, writes Stephanie Pico.

反简易爆炸装置与人道主义排雷的不同之处在于：前者专注于阻止、检测、预防简易爆炸装置使用，这一切都发生在威胁迫近之前，斯蒂芬妮如是说道。

Working with our allies and the international community, she writes, the United States will continue to develop strategies to address the IED threat to prevent IED users from carrying out their nefarious 17 plans and achieve peace and security.

斯蒂芬妮写道，在与盟友和国际社会的合作之下，美国将继续制定策略，解决简易爆炸装置的威胁，阻止简易爆炸装置的使用者实施邪恶的计划，并最终实现和平与稳定。