时间:2019-02-24 作者:英语课 分类:英语听力文摘 English Digest


英语课

  All This Carbon Dioxide is Making Me Hungry

伊利诺伊大学的研究人员在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)网络版发布的一项最新研究报告显示,大豆类作物的抗虫害能力正随着二氧化碳含量的增多而逐渐减弱。这项研究是利用伊利诺伊大学的大豆开放式空气浓度增高研究平台进行的。这个开放式实验室可以让大豆种植田内的植物暴露在不同浓度的二氧化碳和臭氧环境中,但又不会与雨水、阳光以及害虫等其它环境影响因素隔绝开来。高浓度的二氧化碳可以促进植物的光合作用,使植物叶片中碳水化合物增加,从而改变碳元素和氮元素的比例。研究人员认为,这种碳与氮的比例变化会影响到害虫。他们认为,害虫会通过吃掉更多叶片来满足自身的氮需求。对比实验结果显示,在二氧化碳浓度高的环境中,大豆的虫害情况更加严重,豆田中成年日本甲虫和西方玉米食虫的数量明显增加,亚洲大豆蚜虫虫害爆发时的害虫数量也更多。


  Carbon dioxide is a potent 1 greenhouse gas.

Levels of carbon dioxide, or CO2, in the atmosphere are increasing at an unprecedented 2 rate. But what impact do higher CO2 levels have on plants?

Plants use CO2 from the air along with sunlight and water to produce carbohydrates 4 they use for energy. This process is called photosynthesis 5.

Higher atmospheric 6 CO2 increases the rate of photosynthesis, and thus the amount of carbohydrates in plant leaves. Sounds beneficial, right? However, scientists have found that as CO2 levels go up, plant defenses might go down.

Researchers at the University of Illinois used a special open-air research facility that allowed them to grow soybean plants in different concentrations of CO2—without changing other factors such as sunlight, insects or rainfall.

They discovered that soybeans grown in fields with higher CO2 levels had much more insect damage and attracted more adult insect pests than those in plots with less CO2 in the air.

The insects might have been attracted by the higher carbohydrate 3 levels in the leaves of plants grown in high CO2. But a higher carb diet wasn’t the only thing that encouraged infestation 8.

Normally, soybean plants under attack by insects will produce jasmonic acid. This inhibits 9 the insects’ ability to digest leaves, which protects the plant from further attack. In high CO2 atmospheres, the plants were unable to produce this defensive 10 chemical.

So, the dangers of rapidly increasing CO2 in our atmosphere might extend beyond climate change. Since soybeans grown at higher CO2 would lose a crucial defense 7 pathway and attract more hungry beetles 11, other food crops might also be more vulnerable if CO2 levels continue to rise.

译文:

二氧化碳是一种强力的温室气体。

大气中的二氧化碳的浓度正在以前所未有的速度增长。但是空发中高浓度的二氧化碳对植物有什么样的影响呢?

植物运用空气中的二氧化碳,与阳光、水一起产生能量所需的碳水化合物。这个过程叫做光合作用。

二氧化碳浓度较高的大气增加了光合作用的速率,因此植物中碳水化合物的数量就会过剩。听起来很有利,对吧?然而科学家们发现随着二氧化碳浓度的升高,植物的防御将会降低。

伊利诺伊大学的研究人员采用了特殊的露天研究设施,这些设施可以使他们在不同浓度的二氧化碳中种植大豆植物-不用改变其他的因素,如阳光,昆虫,或者雨水。

他们发现在较高浓度二氧化碳中种植的大豆会遭受更严重的虫害,与在空气中二氧化碳浓度较低的地方相比,它们会吸引更多的成年害虫。

这些昆虫被植物叶子中由高浓度的二氧化碳产生的高含量的碳水化合物所吸引。但是高碳水化合物的饮食并不是引起虫害的唯一原因。

一般来说,被昆虫攻击的大豆植物都会产生抑制昆虫消化叶子能力的茉莉酸,以保护植物免受进一步的损害。在高二氧化碳环境中,植物无法产生这种防御性化学物质。

所以二氧化碳急速增长所带来的危害可能远远不止气候变化。既然在高二氧化碳环境中种植的大豆会失去防御的关键通道并引来更多饥饿的甲虫,如果二氧化碳浓度继续升高的话,其它粮食作物可能也会变得更加脆弱。



adj.强有力的,有权势的;有效力的
  • The medicine had a potent effect on your disease.这药物对你的病疗效很大。
  • We must account of his potent influence.我们必须考虑他的强有力的影响。
adj.无前例的,新奇的
  • The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
  • A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。
n.碳水化合物;糖类;(plural)淀粉质或糖类
  • You should not have too much carbohydrate in your diet.你日常饮食中不该有过多碳水化合物。
  • Cashew nuts are rich in carbohydrate.腰果含丰富碳水化合物。
n.碳水化合物,糖类( carbohydrate的名词复数 );淀粉质或糖类食物
  • The plant uses the carbohydrates to make cellulose. 植物用碳水化合物制造纤维素。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • All carbohydrates originate from plants. 所有的碳水化合物均来自植物。 来自辞典例句
n.光合作用
  • In apple trees photosynthesis occurs almost exclusively in the leaves.苹果树的光合作用几乎只发生在叶内。
  • Chloroplasts are the structures in which photosynthesis happens.叶绿体就是光合作用发生的地方。
adj.大气的,空气的;大气层的;大气所引起的
  • Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
  • Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。
n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩
  • The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
n.侵扰,蔓延
  • The premises were treated for cockroach infestation.因蟑螂成灾,这些房屋集中进行了灭蟑活动。
  • Parts of California are suffering from an infestation of oriental fruit flies.加利福尼亚的部分地区正遭受东方果蝇的大肆侵袭。
阻止,抑制( inhibit的第三人称单数 ); 使拘束,使尴尬
  • A small manufacturing sector inhibits growth in the economy. 制造业规模太小有碍经济增长。
  • His bad English inhibits him from speaking freely. 他英语学得不好,这使他不能表达自如。
adj.防御的;防卫的;防守的
  • Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.他们问到钱的问题,使她警觉起来。
  • The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。
n.甲虫( beetle的名词复数 )
  • Beetles bury pellets of dung and lay their eggs within them. 甲壳虫把粪粒埋起来,然后在里面产卵。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This kind of beetles have hard shell. 这类甲虫有坚硬的外壳。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
学英语单词
A-57132
add-to system
aguacate
aica
antisubmarine attack plotter
Armenia Inferior
at a great
auxiliary assembly
bayonet type intestinal spatula
bituminous rock
blenniidaes
bscs comprehensive final examination
bullit
Cantos Negros
capital saving technical progress
carboboration
carpophage
circumferential crack in plate
cloaking device
coccin
colazide
command block
commonsource small-signal output capacitance
control division header
core-loss current
coresidence
date terms
declarative alvey compiler target language
devil bird
donarite
drm-free
electroencephalography in space medicine
elephantopus mollis
emptysis
Epocryl
femke
fixed ladder
fordells
Fourth Earl of Chesterfield
gospel according to lukes
home monitoring
homogeneous isotopic exchange
honeystone
hydro-planing
hydrogenation catalyst
hypothetic(al) parallax
inter-individual
Japanese character typewriter
King Charles' spaniel
knock your block off
Landau-de Gennes model
leather wear
lenticular nucleus
local session identifier
Lössnitz
Makemake
message transfer service
montien
morus atropurpurea roxb.
multifacetedly
nearside tank
nose hold
novinol
offprinting
ophthalmometr
phosphorus pentoxide
pin-hold lens
price signals
process controllei
Raffrey
reaction to pests
reflex sympathetic dystropy
reigning wind
rooting
segregationalists
Selenodiglutathione
separate frame construction
shao huo wu
simplified measurement
soft spun
soil classification tests
solar room
solid state imaging method
stage game
stainless steel bolts
statoscopes
stein estimator
strobed
sweetie pie
tetradeconic acid
Timber Lake
tofu skin
Tolbugen
training allowance
uniformly bounded below
unit magnetic mass
untanked
vacant number signal
van Buren's disease
vassiliou
video bridge
woven hose