时间:2019-02-21 作者:英语课 分类:英语口语


英语课

   在国外,口语表达的场合基本上可以分成三类:


  1.presentation用,打工/实习面试用 这是最正式的一类;
  2.在大学里和教授,老师(tutor),沟通用,在银行,移民局,警察局,医院办重要的事(比如被拘留)时用;
  3.和日常生活中说英语的同学,室友,朋友们交流用,和服务业人员交流时用,这一类是最随意的。
  请注意,在这三个场合,老外眼中的”地道“的意思是不一样的,所以你的用词,说话的模式都应该是不一样的,就像”见什么人说什么话“一样,“在什么场合说什么话”也是很重要的。
  然后技巧,又大概可以分为两类:
  一类是”词汇类“的,就是你可以用到一些”高级"的单词和高级“的句式,长从句,连词之类;
  第二类就是“和你说的内容无关的”,比如你的连读,浊辅音和爆破音是否清晰,你的语调(升or降),断句和停顿 语速 等等....
  I先说词汇类
  一. presentation 类。经常在国外大学做preseantation的同学就会知道,想得高分(一般情况下)你中间都说了什么其实并不重要,重要的是你的开头和结尾是不是印象深刻;有自信的气场,还有就是你的ppt。 中间说的内容不重要,重要的是 结构清晰 和 流畅(血泪经验)
  既然是结构清晰和流畅·,我认为重要的技巧就是引导词和连词。先说连词,连词最好准备在你忘词或者这一段已经油尽灯枯说不下去的时候用。我觉得连词中”高级“的有,但是并不高级的那么明显,重要的是,你能在紧张到忘掉演讲词的时候想起来用个高级的连词。所以我建议你在presen开始前就要想好,比如对自己说”我今天一定要用"however" 和“as long as"
  下面说”高级“ :
  “地道”的词:
  1.However. however用在句首的效果和but基本一样,而且强调了转折,比起but是一个更好的选择。听过很多外国人做presen的表示,母语者使用的频率比非母语者高很多;
  2. so that,在表顺承(仅限表顺承)的时候是一个比"and:高级很多的词;
  3,since 和 as 表原因,比 because 高级很多,重要的是用了这两个词你可以说出很长的从句;
  4. both and either or, neither nor 这三兄弟谁用谁知道,是很提气的。用这三组的时候,说了第一个词就会强迫你思考后半句要说什么,虽然不高级,但是很神奇。
  引导词:
  引导词的道理和连词差不多,只不过引导词更强调 “结构”,是提醒听众你接下来要说什么的关键,推荐:
  开头用
  1.First, we're going to ...
  2.I'd like to begin by outlining our present situation.
  3.You may not know that ...
  中间用
  Let's take a look at some of the implications of this.
  Taking into consideration what we have said about X, we can see that Y ...
  The main reason for these actions is ...
  We have to keep in mind that ... when we consider ...
  As you can see from this graph representing ...
  If you could just take a look at ...
  Looking at X we can see that ..
  There are a number of alternatives in this case. We can ...
  If we had ... , we would ...
  Had we ... , we could have ... Do we need to X or Y?
  I think we can clearly see that we can either ... or ...
  We have been considering ...
  结尾用
  We've discussed many points today. Let me quickly summarize the principal points:
  I'd like to quickly go over the main points of today's topic:
  Before we end, let me briefly 1 recap what we have discussed here today.
  Thank you all very much for taking the time to listen to this presentation. Now, if you have any questions, I'd be happy to answer them.
  I think that's about it. I'd like to thank you all for coming in today. Do you have any questions?
  1.2 面试类
  国外的面试的特点我觉得是 假 大 空,不管是餐馆打工还是公司的intern 2.面试的很多问题会问类似
  “what kind of value could you bring to us"这样的。这个经验我没有 presen多,只提供几个大方向:
  1.重要的是让面试官感到你的自信,或者说:确定性” 因此用词上,你可以
  It is sure/very certain that....
  it is very obvious that
  I am sure that my experience in xxx could help (name of the company) with xxxx
  I have certain confidence in xxxx
  2.要有中心,要在几个问题内让面试官知道你最明显的特点 因此 你可以
  As I mentioned before, I am a very xxx person and this could also apply to xxxx as well
  If you remember what I said in last question, I could xxxxx
  as I said before..........
  3.面试的时候,你通常不会有太多思考时间,因此为了给自己更多时间,你可以用 well, er等词拖延时间(这是可以接受的) 你也可以用一些打太极的招式,比如
  I am very confident that I can bring certain things to the firm/help the firm in many ways...
  in my understanding of the culture of this company.....
  I am sure that the culture of this company delivers certain things that agree with my own value and hence(争取时间的大招!)
  4.关于工资 你不能太直白地说 My expected salary ....你至少要委婉地加上你要求某个数字的原因
  IN reference to my xx years of working experience in the industry, I am expecting a payment like xxxxx
  In regard of the average salary in the industry............
  considering the industry.....
  二. 和大学教授或者助教(tutor)交流用&其他公共场合用
  2.1在国外的大学里,如果你要向教授或者助教问问题的话,请牢牢记住一点,他们都是很忙的,有自己的timetable, 所以给你的时间是极其有限的。在这种情况下,所需要的技巧就是“快速表达你的目的” 换而言之 就是 "action message"—— 你要干啥。我见过太多留学生一见面要先和教授谈这节课难不难,天气不好什么的。。。
  说一些老外们和教授沟通的技巧
  1.如果你在undergradute,那你基本可以直接叫教授们的名字(请先在课程介绍里记住他们的名字!!) hi, john这样就可以
  但是如果你在读研究生,那你可能需要加敬称 比如 professor xx 或者 miss/mrs xxx 读博士就是 boss了 。。
  2.为了开门见山的表达你的目的,你可以
  1,Hi John, just about the efffcient frontier you mentioned in the leture,没错,你甚至都不需要加疑问词!相信我,教授们不会怪你的
  2. Can I ask about xxx in xx part of the textbook/ lecture?
  3.HI, john, in regearding of the issue of xxxxxx
  后面两种都算是比较正式的
  4.如果你是要问关于作业 assignment 的问题, 就需要先向老师们表明“你在做xx作业,这样他们才能提出具体建议。你可以
  HI, John, I am working on xx assignment, Can I get a few thoughts on xxx?
  Hi, john, in regarding of xx part of xxx assignment, can I do like xxxxxxx
  Hi, john ,I just want to know that wether it is alright to do xxx in xxx assignment?
  5.完事之后请不要忘了感谢!!
  2.2 在各种公共场所 比如 餐厅,银行等等
  1.餐厅点餐最地道的说法是 Can I have/Can I get ......?这句话万能的!!能用这个,最好不用 do you have.
  2.在银行或者邮局的时候,最好不要第一句话就是 ‘I want to xxxx" 你可以先问
  HI, can I ask about eg. sending express mails/having a new account/bill payment
  然后再接你要干什么,就自然很多了。
  3.付款的时候 两种方式是cash and credit,请不要说 card。。嗯付款再补充一个,用卡的话他会问你是 debit 3 还是 credit, 我一般都选 credit,这样扣钱方便~
  4.饮料续杯地道的说法是top up 而不是 refill
  三.闲聊类
  (室友,朋友)这个就太多太多了,但是我想纠正一个误区,仅就我自己的经验来说,老外们,包括青少年日常聊天使用的俚语并不是很多,有几句经常听到的,但是说是俚语,不如说是表达方法 比如
  1. it is like.......这是老外最爱用的,几乎可以做一切句子的开头 或者可以是 ”i was like" "he/she is like....
  2.反问句 这也是老外很爱用的
  why not go there/接名词
  don't you like him?
  don't you want to
  3. i just wanted to 这个聊天的时候也很常用
  4.打招呼的时候最常用的是“hey what's up" 或者 ”hey bro/babe" 这个貌似都知道。。。
  告别的时候老外最爱用的是 "catch you later"
  5.老外聊天时很喜欢征求你的意见
  Do you like it? 最常用(注意连读)
  what you think (注意不是what do you think )
  6.几个很酷的词。 bloody 4, awesome 5, retarded 6, fucking+形容词 (嗯 只要说这个就很炫酷,就看你敢不敢说~) stunner, beauty, pretty (这几个在夜店用) 透露一下老外约炮,作用等同于 约吗 的是 do you want to get out of here? 。。。。
  II 非词汇类,这个很多是不好写出来的,所以我就写成tips 形式吧
  1.停顿 (限于 presentation) 停顿就像七伤拳一样,在presentation 的时候,很多人不敢停顿,因为他们认为停顿时间过长,会造成忘词,或者是不自信的表现,导致他们从不停顿,一口气像跑火车一样把稿子说完完事,这才是不自信的表现。《国王的演讲》里澳洲结巴矫正师莱诺(你看是澳洲的吧!)对 bertie 说,在演讲时做长时间的停顿是严肃的象征。我用实际经验保证这是真的,我太享受我不说话,然后全场都屏住呼吸的那一瞬间了。但是有两个限制条件
  (1 请不要在句与句之间停顿,要在段语段或者section之间停顿。
  (2.想好停顿后你第一个词说什么。
  2. 我见过很多留学生说英语时,说一句话,前半句气势很足,声音很大,但是后半句声音就明显小了下去,为了避免这个,我建议:
  说长句子开头时不要用升调,这样容易力竭,开头尽量声音低沉,把那种要起来的声音压下去,这样可以保证你后半句不出错。
  3.想在公共场合流利的表达,我有一个绝招就是多说长句子,我见过很多人发音不错,但是从来每次都只说10个单词以内。这样语言组织能力是不会得到提升的,即使你一个人自言自语的时候,也请多说长句子,这样你演讲的时候才可以边说边组织语言,不会结巴。
  4,演讲忘词的时候不要纠结于那一句话,如果实在想不起来,这句不要,直接开始下一局,流畅性最重要。
  5. 连读,浊辅音 爆破音这些只能通过多说,模仿来达到很好的效果。

adv.简单地,简短地
  • I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
  • He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。
v.拘禁,软禁;n.实习生
  • I worked as an intern in that firm last summer.去年夏天我在那家商行实习。
  • The intern bandaged the cut as the nurse looked on.这位实习生在护士的照看下给病人包扎伤口。
n.借方,借项,记人借方的款项
  • To whom shall I debit this sum?此款应记入谁的账户的借方?
  • We undercharge Mr.Smith and have to send him a debit note for the extra amount.我们少收了史密斯先生的钱,只得给他寄去一张借条所要欠款。
adj.非常的的;流血的;残忍的;adv.很;vt.血染
  • He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
  • He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。
adj.令人惊叹的,难得吓人的,很好的
  • The church in Ireland has always exercised an awesome power.爱尔兰的教堂一直掌握着令人敬畏的权力。
  • That new white convertible is totally awesome.那辆新的白色折篷汽车简直棒极了.
a.智力迟钝的,智力发育迟缓的
  • The progression of the disease can be retarded by early surgery. 早期手术可以抑制病情的发展。
  • He was so slow that many thought him mentally retarded. 他迟钝得很,许多人以为他智力低下。
标签: 高级英语
学英语单词
activized
adapter bearing
adaptive distributed minimal spanning tree algorithm
akoka
alimentary lipemia
amnioss
anilidic
anxiety-ridden
associationism
austrian airlines
back labors
Bad Schallerbach
beginner
biomethanation
blanket gas analysis
borrowest
bulgren
cat (children's apperception test)
clk.
cock-and-pie
comprime
crash out
cross-country flight
crystal clathrate
derivative rights
dirty poll
Do as you're bidden and you'll never bear blame.
down-draft manifold
dressed to the nines
El Salado, R.
elastic limit in shear
Elatostema subcuspidatum
elbe (labe)
electrical anemometer
equitative
feedthrough capacitor
fertilizer-distributor
field ampere-turn
fight to a finish
flauntily
flexibility matrix
floating thumb
fogden
fourth stage
Gornovodnoye
harping
hiked up
hitch roll
hypertypic
inamoratos
Indigofera rigioclada
industrial-instrument
intestine loop
iris scan
Kaliningradskaya Oblast'
left dorso-posterior position
loss due to anchorage temperature difference
ludent
marine centrifugal type refrigerating compressor unit
metallibure
milch goat
neisseria gonorrhoeaes
nonhierarchically
Nymphula
objective cap
office speaker
oozier
other multimode fiber optic cable
pajamas
panama, gulf of
personal allowances
podheads
Port Noarlunga
quod erat faciendum
radiator thermometer
rallentando
re-furbish
rhinoneurosis
river inversion
rotary expansion engine
sagaciate
sand pike
Saxifraga triaristulata
smooth-bore
Solana
soloman r.
spalike
spiking maul
stationary-welding machine
strongbark
swirl defect
teleprinter receiver
thiamins
Third Lateran Council
time interval analyser
ultrarunner
unrecorded income
unwashable
vapour transport
variable structure computer
waggonwright
yellow paper test