时间:2019-02-19 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读


英语课

   在英语学习中,我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时,许多人立即翻阅字典,查找词义。其实,这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力,而且影响阅读速度。事实上,阅读材 料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。猜测词义时,可利用以下线索:


  一. 针对性解释
  针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或 词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。
  1. 根据定义猜测词义
  如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
  例如:
  Anthropology 1 is the scientific study of man.
  由定义可知,anthropology就是"研究人类的科学"。
  In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.
  同样,从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是"困境"。
  定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
  2. 根据复述猜测词义
  虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。
  同位语:
  Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
  此例逗号中短语意为"对词的意义进行研究的学科"。该短语与前面生词semantics式同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semantics指"语义学"。
  在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号,冒号,分号,引号,和括号等。
  Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.
  由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义--电容量。需要注意的是:同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other say. 等副词或短语出现。
  定语从句:
  Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal 2 affective disorder 3, a syndrome 4 characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.
  根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位 语a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出SAD含义,即"季节性情绪紊乱症"。
  3. 根据举例猜测词义恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索
  例如:
  The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical 5 area as they were in the past.
  句中"战争"和"重大科学发现"是生词的实例,通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的 大致词义"重要的",这与其确切含义"划时代的"十分接近。

n.人类学
  • I believe he has started reading up anthropology.我相信他已开始深入研究人类学。
  • Social anthropology is centrally concerned with the diversity of culture.社会人类学主要关于文化多样性。
adj.季节的,季节性的
  • The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
  • The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。
n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调
  • When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后,他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
  • It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。
n.综合病症;并存特性
  • The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
  • Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。
adj.地理的;地区(性)的
  • The current survey will have a wider geographical spread.当前的调查将在更广泛的地域范围內进行。
  • These birds have a wide geographical distribution.这些鸟的地理分布很广。
标签: 四六级 技巧
学英语单词
A.E.S.
adiabatic damping
agvs (automated guided vehicle system)
alalunga
alfalfa mosaic
anticultists
aracari
aristoxenuss
Austrophobes
axis angle
bachas
bansela
barlby
Bourdeilles
Boxer Rising
brakemakers
busting
cake shampoo
Calamus rotang
calling for
centaurium calycosums
cleavable
combustible case
computer civilization
construction guide
crack filler
cutting movement
cycloprate
DEPLOC
destructive oxidation
diarthrodactylous
direct-current excited reactor
discontinuous crystallizer
Ecclestone
edging device
eleanors of aquitaine
electronic detector
end matched specimen
fetishizer
finger-prints
fleetwide
Flyte
foot-rest
forewalk
fryar
goathair
hard space
hydrodynamic aided rotary shaft lip seal
i am curious orange
in-flood
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Iosiderite
KUW
Ligusticum acutilobum
logic fallacies
media life
melanodon
meridional cell
nonsprouting
nuclear runaway
nucleus dentatus
oestringen
ople tree
output transfer function
parallel flow heating furnace
pebble-dashed
pentamethine
phasetrajectory
Pivoteau
Price County
rabones
radiation health physics
railway wear tolerance
ray crossing
red onions
refractometrically
Riemann-Christoffel tensor
safety protective lighting
SATA cables
sheep-stealer
shift position
Ship Re-mortgage
shoot a glance at sb
Shuakhevi
straight-through flow
straw in the wind
subs' bench
sulfoxidation
tarsoconjuntiva graft
tavernas
tetrarchic
three-section cut
tin-cans
tomographic scanner X
top-side
trabeculae cranii
trade mode
university-levels
up one level
ventral celiotomy
yummily
Zimb.