怎样写好英语句子(一)
英语课
我们在前面曾提过学生的作文主要有以下几个方面的问题:
第一、英语底子太薄。
第二、词汇量太小,且对已学词汇记忆不清。
第三、表达思想不清楚。 下面我们以考生的实际作文来进行一下分析。
1) Some one consider that fresh water will not touch it's end.(96年1月,2分)
2) One man's life lack of money, he will impossible to live on. (95年1月,5分)
3) As is know, that there are much fake 1 commodities 2 in today's society.(97年12月,6分)
这里引述的例句与考生通篇作文的写作水平是一致的,其中5、6分的例句具有典型性,代表了近乎中等水平考生的写作水平。从这些例句中不难看出,中等水平的考生,事实上也包括中上等水平的考生,在写作上存在的主要问题是表达思想不清楚。
表达思想不清楚的主要原因是考生作文中严重汉化的英语,即中式英语,比如: "man can live happiness", "Man is iron, and food is steel.", "Women are half side sky."。此外,语言错误的普遍性和严重性十分惊人,比如,主谓不一致,名词单复数不分,动词时态语态滥用,常用词拼写错误比比皆是。这些严重地影响了思想的表达。考试实践表明,多数考生在写作上的主要欠缺不是系统的写作理论和方法,而是最基本的单句写作能力。
文章无论长短,都是由句子组成的,句子是表达思想的最基本的单位。因此,句子是否能写得正确、达意和清楚,将直接影响整篇文章的写作质量。大学英语四、六级考试和研究生入学英语考试的实践都表明,考生写作成绩长期得不到明显提高的主要原因是欠缺写好单句的能力。
为改变这种状况,我们将从剖析考生作文中的典型病句入手,对写作测试中的基本句子结构和写法进行评议和分析,来帮助考生进一步提高句子写作能力。
否定结构除了在助动词、情态动词,be和have后面加not之外,还有许多不含not的否定结构。若能正确使用他们,文章会显得生动活泼,增加写作的闪光点。下面我们就来看看:
1. 含有否定意义的词汇和短语
以下列举的词和词组本身就具有否定的含义,因此无需用否定词。
介词against, beyond, but, except, without,...
形容词和动词absent, deny, differ, different, fail, free, ignore, miss, refuse, the last, used to,
reluctant 3, lack, want,...
短语keep...from, protect...from, prevent...from, let alone, at a loss, in vain, instead of, out
of the question, rather than, too...to, by no means, anything but,...
我们看以下例句:
1) Women fail to get the equal rights in some countries.
在一些国家里妇女没有得到平等的权利。
2) This is by no means the best way to solve the problem of energy crisis 4.
这不是解决能源危机的最好的办法。
3) We should protect trees from being destroyed.
我们应保护树木,不让它们受破坏。
4) In old China we could not make a nail, let alone(make) machines.
在旧中国,我们连一个钉子都造不了,更不用说制造机器了。
2. 含有半否定意义的词语
barely 5, hardly, few, little, rarely, scarcely 6, seldom, not all, not everyone, not everything,...具
有半否定的意义。例句:
1) We could hardly see any fresh vegetables in winter on market several years ago.
几年前在冬天市场上很难见到新鲜蔬菜。
2) These young people know little about how to choose good books to read.
这些年轻人几乎不知道如何挑选优秀的书籍来读。
3. 不含否定意义的否定结构
有些词和词组形式上是否定结构,但其含义是肯定的,比如:cannot but, can't help,
no sooner...than, not...until, in no time, none other than, nothing but,等等。例句:
1) We can't but face the reality.
我们只有面对现实。
2) These old buildings will be replaced by modern apartment buildings in no time.
这些旧建筑将很快为现代化的公寓所代替。
4. 否定结构的倒装语序
我们有时为了强调而把否定词和词组放在句首,这时句子结构应倒装。例如:
1) On no account should we follow blindly.我们决不应当盲从。
2) No where has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm 7 for learning 8 as in our
country.没有任何其他地方有我国这样高的学习热情。
五、 含有it的结构
考生病句:
1. As is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the
development of society.
2. It is known to us, practice makes perfect.
正确表达:
1. It is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the
development of society. (或:As is known to all of us, science...)
2. It is known to us that practice makes perfect. (或:As is known to us, practice...)
评议与分析:
例句1是93年12月六级考试11分作文的评分样卷句子,例句2选自97年1月四级考试作文。很显然,两个考生混淆了it和as的用法。如果用it作形式主语,后面的主语从句必须由that引起;如果用as,则后面不能用that,因为as是关系代词,代表practice makes perfect。
It 在英语中是个相当活跃的代词,在写作中我们常要使用它。以下几种用法应熟练掌握,并能灵活运用。
1.作形式主语
It is necessary for us to master a foreign language skillfully. It makes difference whether
we could purify 9 the air or not.
2.作形式宾语
We find it rather difficult to prevent people from doing that. Modern science has made it
possible for babies to grow healthily and for people to live longer.
3.引导强调句
It is only by this way that we can achieve success. It was then that people began to realize
the importance of controlling population.
从语法结构来看,上述的句子都不难,或者可以说是考生相当熟悉的。然而在写作考试中,多数考生缺乏运用自己已掌握的句式的意识,而以自己头脑中拼凑的中式英语取而代之。其实,只要能恰当地运用上述的任何一个句式,考生的作文就会出现闪光点,就会取得比较好的成绩。
vt.伪造,造假,假装;n.假货,赝品
- He can tell a fake from the original.他能分辨出赝品和真品。
- You can easily fake up an excuse to avoid going out with him.你可以很容易地编造一个借口而不与他一同外出。
商品( commodity的名词复数 ); 农产品; 有价值的物品; 有用的东西
- rice, flour and other basic commodities 稻米、面粉和其他基本商品
- The manufacturers in some countries dumped their surplus commodities abroad. 一些国家的制造商向国外倾销过剩产品。
adj.不愿意的;迟迟不合作的;不同意的
- The workers are reluctant to be ordered around by the employers.工人们不愿被雇主们差来遣去地随便使唤。
- I am reluctant about asking him to do this.我极不愿意让他去干此事。
n.危机,危急关头,决定性时刻,关键阶段
- He had proved that he could be relied on in a crisis.他已表明,在紧要关头他是可以信赖的。
- The topic today centers about the crisis in the Middle East.今天课题的中心是中东危机。
adv.仅仅,几乎没有,几乎不
- The male bird is barely distinguishable from the female.雄鸟和雌鸟几乎无法辨别。
- He took barely enough money to keep the children in bread.他赚很少的钱仅够孩子们勉强糊口。
adv.几乎不,简直没有,勉强
- He found the dullness of his work scarcely bearable.他觉得他的工作枯燥乏味,简直无法忍受。
- She scarcely earns enough money to make ends meet.她几乎挣不到足够的钱以维持开支。
n.热情,激情;巨大兴趣;热衷的事物
- We set about our task at once with great enthusiasm.我们立刻兴致勃勃地干起来。
- A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.情绪高涨的球队更可能获胜。
n.学问,学识,学习;动词learn的现在分词
- When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时,常会从车上掉下来。
- Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。
标签:
句子