时间:2019-02-18 作者:英语课 分类:英语口语


英语课

   语言无处不歧义。中文里就有好多搞笑的拥有多种含义的歧义句,比如:“他背着媳妇做了不少事”。到底是夫妻情深,背着老婆干活,还是偷鸡摸狗,躲着老婆干坏事呢?再比如:“开刀的是她老公。”到底她老公是病人还是医生,这在情感上可是有天壤之别的。同样,英语中也有不少具有多重意思的歧义句。不好的歧义句只会产生误解,令人徒生烦恼;好的歧义句却会让人反复玩味,拍手叫绝——这便是歧义句的美丽与哀愁。


  1 She can't bear children so she never talks about them.
  一词多义和同形异义是英语词汇的普遍现象,也最容易造成误解。
  这句中,bear既可指“容忍、忍受”,也可指“生育、生产”,所以,这句话就产生了两个意思:
  (1)她厌烦孩子,所以从不讨论孩子这个话题。
  (2)她生不了孩子,所以从不谈论孩子这个话题。
  2 I saw her duck.
  这句中,duck由于词性不同,而产生了两个截然不同的意思,所以,这句话就有两个意思:
  (1)我看见了她的鸭子。
  (2)我看见她正低头躲闪。
  3 Please give me a camel.
  这句中,camel既可指“骆驼”,也可指“‘骆驼牌’香烟”。在没有语境的环境里听到这句话是很容易产生误解的。
  4 The seniors were told to stop demonstrating on campus.
  同一个句子结构,从不同的角度观察,就会产生不同的理解。
  (1)高年级的学生在示威,校方在校园要求他们停止示威。
  (2)高年级的学生在示威,校方要求他们停止在校园里但可以在其他地方示威。
  (3)高年级的学生在校园示威,校方叫他们停止示威。
  化解误解的办法:提供一些信息用作补充、说明和限定
  例如:
  A: Come on, it's time for our class.
  B: Ok, I'm coming.
  Come on一词在不同的语境中具有不同的含义,它可以表示催促、鼓励、加油、不耐烦等。而上述对话中,"it's time for our class"所提供的信息就把对话限定在一个学生催促另一个赶紧上课这个意思上来,排除了其他情况的可能性。

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