时间:2018-12-05 作者:英语课 分类:经济学人财经系列


英语课

   To their surprise, they found that growth during years of economic expansion has fallen in the recent era 他们吃惊的是,他们发现经济扩张时期的经济增长在最近时期已经下降


  from 3.88% between 1820 and 1870 to 3.06% since 1950—even though average growth across all years in those two periods increased from 1.4% to 2.55%. 从1820年和1870年的3.88%到自1950年3.06%——即使这两个时期中这些年份平均经济增长从1.4%上升到2.55%.
  Instead, shorter and shallower slumps 1 led to rising long-term growth. 相反,时间更短,程度更浅的经济衰退导致了长期的经济增长。
  Output fell in a third of years between 1820 and 1870 but in only 12% of those since 1950. 收入在1820年和1870年中三分之一的年份下降,但是自从1950年仅在12%的年份中下降。
  The rate of decline per recession year has fallen too, from 3% to 1.2%. 每个经济衰退年份下降的比率也从3%降低到了1.2%.
  So why have these “growth reversals” decreased in length and depth? 那么,为什么这些“增长逆转”在长度和深度方面下降了呢?
  In another paper Messrs Broadberry and Wallis find that conventional explanations 在另一篇 Messrs Broadberry 和 Wallis发现,传统的经济扩张
  such as demographic change or a sectoral 2 shift from volatile 3 agriculture to the more stable services sector—do not fully 4 explain the shift. 如从不稳定的农业到更加稳定的服务部门中的人口变动或部门转变——并不能完全解释这一转变。
  More important is the rise of the rule of law, enabling disputes to be settled by impartial 5 courts. 更为重要的是法律地位的上升,保证了纠纷由公正的法庭解决。
  Before the modern era, elites 6 would fight between themselves for the spoils of growth and send the economy back to square one through wars, corruption 7 and the like. 在现代时期以前,精英会为经济增长的战利品相互争夺,并通过战争,腐败和类似这样的方式恢复经济以占取一部分利益。
  Respect for courts to resolve disputes prevents this from happening. 尊重法庭去解决争端阻止了这种事的发生。
  With populist politicians challenging the authority of judges once again across the world, that is food for thought. 随着民粹主义政治家再次在全世界挑战法官的权威,这值得人们深思。

1 slumps
萧条期( slump的名词复数 ); (个人、球队等的)低潮状态; (销售量、价格、价值等的)骤降; 猛跌
  • Deflation could emerge from simultaneous slumps in the world's three major economies. 如果世界经济三大主体同时衰退,通货紧缩就会出现。
  • This is the cycle of economic booms and slumps. 这是经济繁荣和经济萧条的周期变化。
2 sectoral
adj.扇形的
  • Is agriculture actually taxed by sectoral policies, or is It'subsidized? 按照部门政策,农业实际上是上缴了税还是得到了补贴呢? 来自辞典例句
  • In the 1980s this concept was used to buttress several so-called sectoral reciprocity proposals. 80年代这一原则曾被用来支持几个所谓部分互惠建议。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
3 volatile
adj.反复无常的,挥发性的,稍纵即逝的,脾气火爆的;n.挥发性物质
  • With the markets being so volatile,investments are at great risk.由于市场那么变化不定,投资冒着很大的风险。
  • His character was weak and volatile.他这个人意志薄弱,喜怒无常。
4 fully
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
5 impartial
adj.(in,to)公正的,无偏见的
  • He gave an impartial view of the state of affairs in Ireland.他对爱尔兰的事态发表了公正的看法。
  • Careers officers offer impartial advice to all pupils.就业指导员向所有学生提供公正无私的建议。
6 elites
精华( elite的名词复数 ); 精锐; 上层集团; (统称)掌权人物
  • The elites are by their nature a factor contributing to underdevelopment. 这些上层人物天生是助长欠发达的因素。
  • Elites always detest gifted and nimble outsiders. 社会名流对天赋聪明、多才多艺的局外人一向嫌恶。
7 corruption
n.腐败,堕落,贪污
  • The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
  • The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。
标签: 经济学人
学英语单词
-vir-
abattoir
absolute henry
Adenophora stenophylla
Baeomyces
baizley
beta sites
Blumea mollis
blusteringly
Blut und Eisen
c with classes
Cassegrainian reflecting telescope
Chiquian
chromatype
Churchstow
classics of traditional Chinese medicine
coding convention
consonification
copper water manifold
Cross-sectional approach
dark fire-cured tobacco
derrick table
design displacement
directo-executive
disembosomed
doud
economic lot-size formula
Egnell's law
endorse over
external purchasing power of money
extreme high voltage
formation productivity
forward conduction
galinsoga parviflora cav.
genus lavandulas
graph-papers
haliotiss
hand precision reamer
head movement
hemodynamometry
humblesse
hybrid dysgenesis
in rilievo
in.ex
information system network
jennite
Kainchak
kinesthetics
lantern clock
maximum retail price
medialise
monaghans
monometflurazone
motion picture film processing plant
moving coil actuator
NMU (network management unit)
Ntantia
Oadby
oil-operated voltage regulator
once-small
pace tua
Periostal
permissible length of compartments
polarisability
politizing
powder carbon
radix aconiti feri
rail drilling maching
range of furrow width
Recnan
Reinecke's salt
road picture
romance-novel
root of granary
rotating tumbling-barrel-type mixer
rowly
scandian
Segyi
semi-mounted tractor drill
socking pit clamp
Spirochaeta persica
spookin'
sterile creep
strictural
striddling
surplus buoyance
system install
takeover target
tax efficiency
thymohexase
toll telephone network
tracheal air sac
transform into
tutrices
uale (ivory coast)
ulomis
uncombined carbon
velma
Verner, Karl Adolph
voltage digitizer
waste-water from coal gas plant
wireless power