经济学人176:停火条件

 　　Conditions for a ceasefire

　　停火条件
　　Why Hamas fires those rockets
　　为什么哈马斯要发射那些火箭
　　Hamas wants two big concessions 1. It may not get them
　　哈马斯需要两大让步，但不太可能实现
　　MANY Gazans, not just their leaders in Hamas, think they have little to lose by fighting on. For one thing, the spotlight 2 has been switched back onto them since the Israeli campaign began earlier this month. In Gazan eyes, Hamas gains from the violence because the outside world may, as a result of the grim publicity 3 generated by the bloodshed, feel obliged to consider its grievances 5 afresh. This week Hamas issued a ten-point plan. A ceasefire, it suggested, could be followed by a ten-year truce 6. Among its key demands were a lifting of the siege of Gaza and the release of prisoners. Gaza's seaport 7 and airport would be reopened and monitored by the UN.
　　许多加沙的居民，不仅仅只是他们在哈马斯的领袖们，都认为再继续打下去，他们也没什么可再失去的。一方面，自本月初以色列运动开始以来，焦点就已经转移到他们身上。在加沙居民眼中，哈马斯是以暴牟利，因为流血推动的宣传让世界可能感觉到有必要考虑刷新一下他们的困境。本周，哈马斯发表了份十个要义的计划。建议10年的停火。其中最主要的需求就是放弃对加沙的包围，并释放囚犯。加沙的海港、机场需重新开放，并接受联合国的监控。
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　　After the last big Israeli effort to stop the rockets, in November 2012, it was agreed that, along with a ceasefire, the blockade of Gaza would gradually be lifted and the crossings into Egypt and Israel would be opened. The ceasefire generally held, but the siege continued. As Gazans see it, they have remained cruelly shut up in an open-air prison. Firing rockets, many of them argue, is the only way they can protest, even though they know the Israelis are bound, from time to time, to punish them.
　　在2011年11月，以色列最后试图组织火箭发射之后，双方同意停火，并将逐渐解除对加沙的封锁，埃及-以色列之间的道路也会开通。然而说好的停火被搁置，围攻也还在继续。对加沙人民而言，他们仍被封锁在一个露天的监狱中。许多人认为，发射火箭是他们唯一反抗的方式，即便他们知道以色列人有时决心不让他们好过。
　　More recently, say Gazans, the Israelis under Binyamin Netanyahu showed they were determined 8 to destroy a peace-minded Palestinian unity 9 government endorsed 10 by Hamas and the more moderate Fatah party under Mahmoud Abbas, after the failure of American-brokered talks between Mr Abbas and Mr Netanyahu. The Israeli prime minister made it clear he would never talk to a Palestinian government backed by Hamas, even though America cautiously welcomed it. So he has done everything, say the Palestinians, to thwart 11 it.
　　加沙人说，在内坦尼亚胡的领导下，以色列人表现得很坚决，在美国推动的阿巴斯和内坦尼亚胡和谈失败后，以色列人决心要毁掉哈马斯所支持的一个和平的巴勒斯坦政权以及在阿巴斯领导下的法塔赫党。以色列总理很清楚的表示，他绝不会与哈马斯支持的巴勒斯坦政府交谈，尽管美方很乐意见到这点。巴勒斯坦人说他已经准备好一切。
　　Among other things, Mr Netanyahu's government has prevented Mr Abbas from reasserting his authority, as part of the unity deal, over Gaza—and from paying off Hamas civil servants there. Indeed, Mr Abbas at first looked even more feeble than usual during Operation Protective Edge: he could not, as a leader committed to peace, cheer on the Hamas rockets. Yet his pleas for restraint on both sides have so far had little effect.
　　至于其他，作为联合协定的一部分，内坦尼亚胡政府阻止阿巴斯重新夺取在加沙的政权，同时阻止阿巴斯支付哈马斯公务员薪水。的确，阿巴斯一开始看上去比平时在“护刃行动”中更为软弱：作为一个致力和平的领导者，他不能因哈马斯而喝彩，但是他要限制双方的请求至今也没什么成效。
　　The Gazan grievance 4 over prisoners stirs great passion among Palestinians everywhere. After three Israeli students were kidnapped on the West Bank on June 12th and later found murdered, the Israeli security forces rounded up more than 500 Hamas people, even though the movement did not claim responsibility for the crime. The increase in rocket fire was partly intended as a protest against the round-up of prisoners. Any ceasefire, says Hamas, must include the release at least of those detained in the past month.
　　加沙人目前如犯人们的困境激怒了所有巴勒斯坦人。6月12日，三名以色列学生在线西岸被绑架，之后发现被杀害，此后，以色列安保队抓了500多名哈马斯人，尽管该行为没有说是对之前的犯罪负责。之所以发射更多的火箭炮，一部分是想以此作为一种手段对非法“聚集”犯人表示抗议。哈马斯方表示，任何停火条件都要包括至少释放过上个月所拘留的人。