时间:2019-02-14 作者:英语课 分类:阅读空间


英语课

 在讲解被动态的适用范围之前,我们先来复习一下被动态的结构:be+done,即be动词体现时态再加上被执行动作的过去分词。现在,小编分别举一个主动句和一个被动句,你们感受一下主动句和被动句的差别。


被动
France beat Brazil in the final. [active]
在总决赛中,法国打败了巴西。(主动态)
Brazil was beaten by France in the final. [passive]
在总决赛中巴西被法国打败了。(被动态)
解析:这两个句子传递的信息是完全不一样的。第一句中,主语France执行动作beat,第二句里,上句中的宾语Brazil变成了被动态的主语,而上句中的主语France则需要通过by来引导,甚至可以省略为:
Brazil were beaten in the final.
巴西在总决赛中被打败。
被动语态适用的几种情况
(注:由于中英差异,英文的被动态不一定需要用中文体现。)
(1)动作的执行者不明
The dress was stolen from the hotel room.
裙子在酒店里被偷走了。
Bring the pesticide 1 material in for identification and disposal if the label has been removed from its container.
如果盛农药的容器上的标签已不见,则需要鉴定该农药,并适当处理。
(2)如果动作的执行者不重要
All her life she had been told that she was beautiful.
一生中,别人都告诉她,她很美。
(3)如果上文已经出现了动作执行者
They were shooting everybody. I felt a pain in my shoulder and a man told me I was hit.
他们在扫射每一个人。我感觉肩膀一疼,有人告诉我我被射到了。
(4)如果动作执行者可以通过上下文判断
He speaks of the case of a young student who is being treated for depression.
他说的是那个正接受抑郁症治疗的年轻学生。
(5)如果动作执行者是泛指的人
Adult beetles 2 can be obtained from several sources. 
人们可以通过各种方式获得成年甲虫。
(6)如果出于策略或政治问题不能提及动作执行者
I don’t oppose all wars. My grandfather signed up for a war the day after Pearl Harbour was bombed.
我不反对战争,我的祖父在珍珠港被轰炸后第二天签署了发动战争的协议。
(7)如果你想要发表一种看法而不想提及这是谁的看法,通常可以使用allege, announce, claim这类表示“宣布,宣称”的词的被动态形式
It has been alleged 3 that some officers in the City Police Force accepted bribes 4.
据称,市警察局的某些官员接受了贿赂。
Some officers in the City Police Force are alleged to have accepted bribes.
据称,市警察局的某些官员接受了贿赂。
看了这么多种被动态的用法,可不要觉得被动态放之四海而皆准,如果出现下面的情况,还是不要用被动态为好。让我们举两个对比句为例。
第一组:Mistakes have been made. [被动态]和We have made mistakes. [主动态]。
由于评判他人的过失,第一种用法是合适的,即使用在外交场合也是合理的。但是如果是用于承认自己的错误则有一种轻描淡写的意味。
第二组:Delays have been tackled effectively by the team[被动态]和The team has tackled delays effectively[主动态]。
如果要说如上句这样值得表扬的事,主动态体现动作执行者的功劳,含有夸耀的口吻。

n.杀虫剂,农药
  • The pesticide was spread over the vegetable plot.菜田里撒上了农药。
  • This pesticide is diluted with water and applied directly to the fields.这种杀虫剂用水稀释后直接施用在田里。
n.甲虫( beetle的名词复数 )
  • Beetles bury pellets of dung and lay their eggs within them. 甲壳虫把粪粒埋起来,然后在里面产卵。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This kind of beetles have hard shell. 这类甲虫有坚硬的外壳。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
a.被指控的,嫌疑的
  • It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
  • alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为
n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 );向(某人)行贿,贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 );向(某人)行贿,贿赂
  • It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
  • corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏
标签: 老外
学英语单词
a big gun
afile
akanthomyces novoguineensis
antialbumin
antigenic reversion
arrayer
atomic,biological and chemical warfare
B.V.D.s
Barbadosing
batagurid
bend the knee
boiling of soap to grain
bubble acceleration error
Buena Vista, B.de
bugled
cap fungus
carbocainum
chemospheres
Colossèo(Colosseum)
controlled stage
cotyledonary sheath
crystal symmetry class
D-Alanine-poly(phosphoribitol)ligase
Daumazan-sur-Arize
decomposition of force
degree of safety
didst
eel-fork
end arrangement
entrepreneurs
eudaemonics
fadermen
female-rotor
fiberized
fluffed up
free steering axle
fuming-off point
fungal proteinase
gas flow line
Gentiana tubiflora
ileal artery
in the front
incomprehensibility
island position
iso 8859-1
kante
laughing
lemerts
lesser adjutant
leuco dyeing-IN special process
lyrosol
machamer
made a fire
Mildmen
modfit
Māndpur
n. sp.
ocellated turkey
opinionizers
optical add-drop
optimal parameter
Oseen force
over the horizon (oth) radar
pareca
Pedicularis L.
ponyskins
prehispanolone
Presidente Bernardes
pseudocercospora triumfettae
reticulons
rural environment
sculpts
Sedom, Har
sitting saprasternal height
small-scale decentralized socialism
solenostele
sound analogy
stabilimentum
status scan
sympath(et)ico-
tabogganing
tafawa
take the gloves off
Tectobulbar
tin(iv) phosphorus chloride
trigofoenoside
tuberculous exadative pleurisy
twin-screw and triple-rudder ship
underwing
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
upflow continuous digester
varied irradiance level
Vavuniya Dist.
vehicular bridge
venire de novo
white breams
winck
y.m.c.a
yoyogi
zinc cadmium telluride
zinziberaceous