上海市中级口译资格认证实考试卷录音2005年9月
时间：2018-12-05 作者：英语课 分类：上海市中级口译资格认证
2005.09上海市英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试
SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(45 minutes)
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
If you find you spend more than you make, there are only two things to do: decrease your spending or _______________(1). It’s often easiest to decrease expenditures 1, because your expenses tend to be more _______________(2). There are as many ways to _______________(3) as there are people looking to save it. For example, you may pool your resources with friends, or _______________(4) only during sales, or even live more simply.
But _______________(5) that saving money should not necessarily be an end in itself. Don’t _______________(6) of ways to save a dime 2, and don’t get upset about situations where _______________(7) to spend money. The goal is to bring your budget into balance, not to become a tightwad who keeps _______________(8) of every penny and feels that spending money is a _______________(9). It is important to remember that budgets may be _______________(10) not only by decreasing expenditures, but also by increasing income. _______________(11) to increase income is to get a _______________(12) if you don’t already have one.
Many students work during college. Although working adds to the _______________(13) you will face, it does not mean that your grades will necessarily suffer. In fact, many students who work _______________(14) than those who don’t work, because those with jobs need to be _______________(15). Considering part-time work is often a better _______________(16) for dealing 3 with budget shortfalls, than taking out a loan. Because student loans are _______________(17), it’s easy to use them as a crutch 4. Loans can be of help _______________(18) or if you couldn’t afford to attend a college without them. If you do _______________(19), remind yourself: one day soon you’ll have to _______________(20), with interest.
Part B: Listening Comprehension
1. Statements
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
1. (A) I know many business people at the Beachside Hotel.
(B) The Beachside is the only favorite hotel for many business people.
(C) Many business people like to hold conferences in the Beachside Hotel.
(D) Many business people provide the best conference facilities for the Beachside.
2. (A) Only 25 to 30 college graduates will be short-listed for the interview.
(B) The applicants 5 will be asked to do a qualification test.
(C) No one but 25 to 30-year-old college graduates can apply for the job.
(D) The department needs 25 to 30 college graduates to finish the evaluation 6.
3. (A) Seldom are new scientific theories rejected quickly.
(B) New scientific theories are often slow to be accepted.
(C) Scientists rarely publish their theories immediately.
(D) Quick benefits are expected from this new scientific theory.
4. (A) We are content with our cooperation.
(B) We plan to strengthen our cooperation.
(C) The project was not approved by the two sides.
(D) The project was not completed on time.
5. (A) All the committee members except the chairman were against the proposal.
(B) Nobody wanted to put forward a proposal to open a second branch downtown.
(C) The chairman was the only one who was against the new proposal.
(D) After negotiations 9, the committee decided 10 to open a new branch downtown.
6. (A) We offer a five to ten percent discount unless you require immediate 7 delivery.
(B) We promise to refund 11 the money if we cannot send our products in time.
(C) If you order our products right now, we will give you certain commission in cash.
(D) Buying our products will save not only your money, but also your time.
7. (A) It was predicted that I would be the Guest of Honour at the Show.
(B) I had to wait for 20 years before I was invited to the Show.
(C) I didn’t expect that I would be the Guest of Honour at the Show.
(D) I suspected that I would be given a leading role in the movie.
8. (A) It wouldn't be wise to reopen the discussion on the project today.
(B) I think we should reconsider our investment in the project.
(C) Don't you think we could be wise by increasing our investment?
(D) Have you ever seen such a wonderful view of the woods?
9. (A) We will beat our rival in the football league match on the playground.
(B) We will have to consult the experts to learn our rival’s financial position.
(C) Our special knowledge and diligence will make up for our lack of funds.
(D) Our staff members are more experienced and diligent 12 in raising funds.
10. (A) People using the Internet will soon be almost doubled.
(B) Population is exploding because of the Internet.
(C) Ten years ago, only rich people can afford to use the Internet.
(D) The Internet population will increase two-fold in ten years.
2. Talks and Conversations
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations.
After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will
hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question,
read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write
the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER
BOOKLET.
Questions 11--14
11. (A) Make a phone call. (B) Ask for her advice.
(C) Return some books. (D) Borrow her notes.
12. (A) An essay on art. (B) A book review.
(C) A survey on IT industry. (D) A science project.
13. (A) Lend him some books. (B) Give him more advice.
(C) Return the books by Wednesday.
(D) Let him use her notes.
14. (A) On Friday. (B) The next day.
(C) In the evening. (D) A few hours later.
Questions 15--18
15. (A) Real words spoken by new-borns.
(B) Talk used with children by immature 13 people.
(C) Lucky names for animals such as cows and dogs.
(D) Childish talk used with young children.
16. (A) It assists children to develop language skills more quickly.
(B) It earns more admiration 14 from other parents.
(C) It makes children to become more obedient and humble 15.
(D) It helps children better understand and communicate with adults.
17. (A) By speaking like a baby.
(B) By using real names.
(C) By being consistent.
(D) By talking in a patronizing way.
18. (A) Because they are the source of admiration from their peers.
(B) Because they can prepare children for the complexity 16 in later life.
(C) Because they cost the parents less than the desserts and toys.
(D) Because they can help the children become more consistent in future.
Questions 19--22
19. (A) Restaurant owner and customer.
(B) Teacher and student.
(C) Husband and wife.
(D) Doctor and patient.
20. (A) Sometimes nothing at all.
(B) A sandwich and a cup of coffee.
(C) Some vitamin pills.
(D) Some mineral water.
21. (A) He’s tired of his promotion 17 and new responsibilities.
(B) He finds it difficult to cope with so many urgent projects.
(C) He’s quite satisfied with the recent progress in his work.
(D) He thinks it to be a headache that he has to work late every night.
22. (A) Eating more food.
(B) Getting some exercise.
(C) Taking some medicine.
(D) Quitting his job.
Questions 23--26
23. (A) Writing. (B) Reading.
(C) Speaking. (D) Listening.
24. (A) Because we often take our ability to listening for granted.
(B) Because we are surrounded by all sorts of noises.
(C) Because we do not spend much time listening.
(D) Because we do not attach great importance to listening.
25. (A) 30 percent. (B) 45 percent.
(C) 50 percent. (D) 75 percent.
26. (A) The ship crew ignored repeated warnings.
(B) The passengers did not listen to the captain.
(C) The crew refused to obey the captain’s orders.
(D) The captain did not sleep well the night before the accident.
Questions 27--30
27. (A) Because he could avoid being killed by the H-bomb.
(B) Because he had a new world to fight for.
(C) Because he was able to enjoy a pollution-free life.
(D) Because he succeeded in setting up his own business.
28. (A) Moving from place to place.
(B) Enjoying life in the country.
(C) Making a little progress each day.
(D) Working and learning.
29. (A) Pollution and population explosion.
(B) Universal love and understanding between people.
(C) Advice and suggestions for their children.
(D) Responsibilities for one another regardless of race, colour or nationality.
30. (A) Because they don’t experience the same kind of problems.
(B) Because they cannot adapt themselves to the fast progress.
(C) Because they are too old to fight for a new world.
(D) Because they feel the generation gap is too great to span over.
Part C: Listening and Translation
1. Sentence Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
2. Passage Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.
(1)
(2)
SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS(45 minutes)
Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1--5
One day, drought may be a thing of the past, at least in any country not too far from the sea. Vast areas of desert throughout the world may for the first time come to life and provide millions of hectares of cultivated land where now nothing grows.
By the end of this century this may not be mere 18 speculation 19. Scientists are already looking into the possibility of using some of the available ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. In these regions there are vast ice-caps formed by snow that has fallen over the past 50,000 years. Layer upon layer of deep snow means that, when melted, the snow water would be pure, not salty as sea-ice would be. There is so much potential pure water here that it would need only a fraction to turn much of the desert or poorly irrigated 20 parts of the world into rich farmland. And what useful packages would come in! It should be possible to hack 21 off a bit of ice and transport it! Alternatively perhaps a passing iceberg 22 could be captured. They are always breaking away from the main caps and floating around, pushed by currents, until they eventually melt and are wasted.
Many icebergs 23 are, of course, much too small to be towed any distance, and would melt before they reached a country that needed them anywhere. It would be necessary to harness one that was manageable and that was big enough to provide a good supply when it reached us. Engineers think that an iceberg up to 11 kilometres long and 2 kilometres wide could be transported if the tug 24 pulling it was as big as a supertanker! Even then they would cover only 32 kilometres every day. However, once the iceberg was at its destination, say at one end of Hong Kong harbour, more than 7,000 million cubic metres of water could be taken from it! That would probably be more than enough for Hong Kong even in the hottest summer! But no doubt a use could be found for it.
Apparently 25, scientists say, there would not be too much wastage in such a journey. The larger the iceberg, the slower it melts, even if it is towed through the tropics. This is because when the sun has a bigger area to warm up, less heat actually gets into the iceberg. The vast frozen center would be unaffected.
Even with the giant tug that would have to be available to tow an iceberg seven miles long, the voyage would take many months from the Antarctic to Hong Kong, for example, but as stronger engines are built and more is known about sea currents, the journey could get shorter and shorter and thus the wastage less and less. Airline pilots have learnt to use jet streams ten miles above the earth to increase speed and save fuel so, surely, a boat towing an iceberg could make use of fast-flowing currents and avoid warmer water.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that _____.
(A) much of desert has been changed into rich farmland already
(B) the problem of drought could easily be solved all over the world
(C) ice from the polar area may be used to solve the problem of drought
(D) it is possible to solve the problem of drought in many countries
2. We learn form the passage that icebergs _____.
(A) took shape as early as 50,000 years ago
(B) are eventually wasted while floating around
(C) melt more slowly in tropics than in any other areas
(D) are often too big to be of any value
3. The difficulty of using ice to solve the drought problem lies in all of the following EXCEPT _____.
(A) the proper equipment for transportation
(B) the time taken on the journey
(C) the storage of the fresh water
(D) the proper size of icebergs
4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
(A) The time for towing icebergs may be made shorter.
(B) It is possible to use ships to tow icebergs from the polar areas.
(C) Airline pilots may make use of jet streams to help towing an iceberg.
(D) Not too much of the iceberg would melt while being towed through the oceans.
5. The author’s attitude towards the solution to the problem of drought is _____.
(A) doubtful
(B) positive
(C) discouraging
(D) critical
Questions 6--10
Most sore throats are caused by an infection which treatment with antibiotics 27 cannot cure. But with simple remedies the patient normally gets better in 4 or 5 days. Sore throats are common. Most of the time the soreness is worse in the morning and improves as the day progresses.
Like colds, the vast majority of sore throats are caused by viral infections. This means most sore throats will NOT respond to antibiotics. Many people have a mild sore throat at the beginning of every cold. When the nose or sinuses become infected, drainage can run down the back of the throat and irritate it, especially at night. Or, the throat itself can be infected.
With a sore throat, sometimes the tonsils or surrounding parts of the throat are inflamed 28. Either way, removing the tonsils to try to prevent future sore throats is not recommended for most children.
Tonsillitis, however, usually starts with a sore throat which causes pain on swallowing. With children—and some adults—there may be a fever and the patient is obviously not feeling well. It may be possible to see white spots on the back of the throat. The neck may also swell 29, both of which are the normal response to infection.
Sometimes a sore throat may occur with the common cold, and with influenza 30 there may be dryness of the throat, pain on coughing and loss of voice.
TREATMENT:
Aspirin 31: To help relieve the pain on swallowing and (if there is one) the fever. Use aspirin tablets dissolved in water so that the patient can gargle before swallowing. Repeat the treatment every 4 hours.
Drink: Encourage the patient to drink plenty.
Food: Food should not be forced on a patient who does not want to eat.
Steam: If there is pain in the throat on coughing, breathing in steam may help.
CHILDREN:
Young children, who may not be able to gargle, should be given aspirin dissolved in water every 4 hours in the right dose for their age.
At one year: A single junior aspirin.
At five years: Half an adult aspirin.
At eight years: One whole adult aspirin.
WHEN TO SEE THE DOCTOR:
If the sore throat it still getting worse after 2 days.
If the patient complains of earache 32.
It the patient’s fever increases.
If the patient or parent is very worried.
6. According to the passage, it would appear that most sore throats _____.
(A) require an immediate visit to a doctor
(B) respond quickly to treatment with an antibiotic 26
(C) rarely turn out to be serious illnesses
(D) result in tonsillitis even when treated
7. One of the signs of tonsillitis can often be _____.
(A) difficulty in swallowing food and liquid
(B) pain in the chest when the patient coughs
(C) white spots appearing on the neck
(D) earache during the first four or five days
8. In order to treat a sore throat one should _____.
(A) prevent the patient from eating too much
(B) give the patient up to 4 aspirin tablets every hour
(C) make sure the patient takes in plenty of liquid
(D) make the patient gargle with soft drink
9. You should call the doctor in if _____.
(A) the infection spreads to another member of the family
(B) swelling 33 occurs in the region of the ears
(C) the patient’s voice is lost after two days
(D) the patient’s condition continues to worsen
10. As used in the passage, the word “gargle” means _____.
(A) to wash one’s mouth and throat with a liquid in motion by breathing through it
(B) to eat something with a continuous and often audible action of one’s jaws 34
(C) to bite and work in the mouth with one’s teeth, especially to make it easier to swallow something
(D) to cause or allow something, especially food or drink, to pass down one’s sore throat
Questions 11--15
I watched as Dr Ian Stead, the archaeologist in charge of the excavation 35, began carefully removing the peat with a clay modelling tool. X-rays taken through the box while it was at the hospital revealed ribs 36, backbone 37, arm bones and a skull 38 (apparently with fractures). However, the bones showed up only faintly because acid in the peat had removed minerals from them.
Using the X-rays, Stead started on what he thought might be a leg. By his side was Professor Frank Oldfield, of Liverpool University, an expert on peat who could identify vegetation from stems only a fraction of an inch long. “Similar bodies found in bogs 39 in Denmark show signs of a violent death,” Stead said. “It is essential for us to be able to distinguish between the plant fibres in peat and clothing or a piece of rope which might have been used to hang him.”
As Stead continued his gentle probing, a brown leathery limb began to materialize amidst the peat; but not until most of it was exposed could he and Robert Connolly, a physical anthropologist 40 at Liverpool University, decide that it was an arm. Beside it was a small piece of animal fur—perhaps the remains 41 of clothing.
Following the forearm down into the peat, Stead found a brown shiny object and then, close by, two more. Seen under a magnifying glass, he suddenly realised they were fingernails—“beautifully manicured and without a scratch on them,” he said. “Most people at this time in the Iron Age were farmers; but with fingernails like that, this person can’t have been. He might have been a priest or an aristocrat 42.”
Especially delicate work was required to reveal the head. On the third day, a curly sideburn appeared and, shortly afterwards, a moustache. At first it seemed that the man had been balding but gradually he was seen to have close-cropped hair, about an inch or two long.
“This information about his hairstyle is unique. We have no other information about what Britons looked like before the Roman invasion except for three small plaques 43 showing Celts with drooping 44 moustaches and shaven chins.”
The crucial clue showing how the man died had already been revealed, close to his neck, but it looked just like another innocent heather root. It was not recognised until two days later, when Margaret McCord, a senior conservation officer, found the sameroot at the back of his neck and, cleaning it carefully, saw its twisted texture 45. “He’s been garrotted.” She declared. The ‘root’ was a length of twisted sinew, the thickness of strong string. A slip knot at the back shows how it was tightened 46 round the neck.
“A large discoloration on the left shoulder suggests a bruise 47 and possibly a violent struggle,” Stead said.
11. The X-rays that were taken showed Stead and Oldfield _____.
(A) a vague picture of the bones
(B) exactly what they were looking for
(C) which deposits were clay and which peat
(D) exactly how the man had died
12. The researchers suspected the man had met a violent death because _____.
(A) he was still wearing clothes
(B) similar bodies had been found elsewhere
(C) there were traces of a hanging rope in the peat
(D) he hadn’t been buried in a coffin 48
13. It was the forearm they uncovered which _____.
(A) required the most delicate work
(B) indicated the age of the man
(C) told them something about the man’s clothes
(D) led them to discover the fingernails
14. Why did the researchers think the man was possibly a priest?
(A) He had closely-cropped hair.
(B) His coat was fur-lined
(C) He had a drooping moustache and shaven chin.
(D) His fingernails were well looked after.
15. It was established that the man they dug out of the peat had been _____.
(A) beheaded
(B) strangled
(C) drowned
(D) stabbed in the neck
Questions 16--20
Does using a word processor affect a writer’s style? The medium usually does do something to the message after all, even if Marshall McLuhan’s claim that the medium simply is the message has been heard and largely forgotten now. The question matters. Ray Hammond, in his excellent guide The Writer and the Word Processor (Coronet ￡2.95 pp224), predicts that over half of the professional writers in Britain and the USA will be using word processors by the end of 1995. The best-known recruit is Len Deighton, from as long ago as 1968, though most users have only started since the micro-computer boom began in 1980.
Ironically word processing is in some ways psychologically more like writing in rough than typing, since it restores fluidity and provisionality to the text. The typist’s dread 49 of having to get out the Tippex, the scissors and paste, or of redoing the whole thing if he has any substantial second thoughts, can make him consistently choose the safer option in his sentences, or let something stand which he knows to be unsatisfactory or incomplete, out of weariness. In word processing the text is loosened up whilst still retaining the advantage of looking formally finished.
This has, I think, two apparently contradictory 50 effects. The initial writing can become excessively sloppy 51 and careless, in the expectation that it will be corrected later. That crucial first inspiration is never easy to recapture though, and therefore, on the other hand, the writing can become over-deliberated, lacking in flow and spontaneity, since revision becomes a larger part of composition. However these are faults easier to detect in others than in oneself.
For most writers, word processing quite rapidly comes to feel like the ideal method (and can always be a second step after drafting on paper if you prefer). Most of the writers interviewed by Hammond say it has improved their style (“immensely”, says Deighton). Seeing your own words on a screen helps you to feel cool and detached about them.
Thus it is not just by freeing you from the labour of mechanical re-typing that a word processor can help you to write. One author (Terence Feely) claims it has increased his output by 400%. Possibly the feeling of having a reactive machine, which appears to do things, rather than just have things done with it, accounts for this—your slave works hard and so do you.
Are there no drawbacks? It costs a lot and takes time to learn—“expect to lose weeks of work”, says Hammond, though days might be nearer the mark. Notoriously it is possible to lose work altogether on a word processor, and this happens to everybody at least once. The awareness 52 that what you have written no longer exists at all anywhere, is unbelievably enraging 53 and baffling.
16. According to the first paragraph of the passage, what is the obvious change for professional writers in Britain and the USA?
(A) The style they are employing.
(B) The medium they are using.
(C) The way they are being recruited.
(D) The paper they are writing on.
17. Typing in the conventional manner, a writer may _____.
(A) choose to white more carefully
(B) make more mistakes
(C) become overcritical of his or her work
(D) have a lot of second thoughts
18. One effect of using a word processor may be that the ongoing 54 revision of a text _____.
(A) is done with too little attention
(B) produces a sloppy effect
(C) is lacking in flow and spontaneity
(D) does not encourage one to pick up mistakes
19. It is claimed here that word processors create _____.
(A) a sense of power in the writer’s mind
(B) a reluctance 55 in the author to express himself or herself
(C) an illusion as if you were a servant of the machine
(D) a feeling of distance between a writer and his or her work
20. As far as learning to use a word processor is concerned, the author of the passage mentions a number of drawbacks EXCEPT that _____.
(A) it takes time
(B) it is costly 56
(C) the user may rely too much on the machine
(D) the user may lose weeks of work
Questions 21--25
In almost all cases the soft parts of fossils are gone for ever but they were fitted around or within the hard parts. Many of them also were attached to the hard parts and usually such attachments 57 are visible as depressed 58 or elevated areas, ridges 59, or grooves 60, smooth or rough patches on the hard parts. The muscles most important for the activities of the animal and most evident in the appearance of the living animal are those attached to the hard parts and possible to reconstruct from their attachments. Much can be learned about a vanished brain from the inside of the skull in which it was lodged 61.
Restoration of the external appearance of an extinct animal has little or no scientific value. It does not even help in inferring what the activities of the living animal were, how fast it could run, what its food was, or such other conclusions as are important for the history of life. However, what most people want to know about extinct animals is what they looked like when they were alive. Scientists also would like to know. Things like fossil shells present no great problem as a rule, because the hard parts are external when the animal is alive and the outer appearance is actually preserved in the fossils.
Animals in which the skeleton is internal present great problems of restoration, and honest restorers admit that they often have to use considerable guessing. The general shape and contours of the body are fixed 62 by the skeleton and by muscles attached to the skeleton, but surface features, which may give the animal its really characteristic look, are seldom restorable with any real probability of accuracy. The present often helps to interpret the past. An extinct animal presumably looked more or less like its living relatives, if it has any. This, however, may be quite equivocal. For example, extinct members of the horse family are usually restored to look somewhat like the most familiar living horses—domestic horses and their closest wild relatives. It is, however, possible and even probable that many extinct horses were striped like zebras. Others probably had patterns no longer present in any living members of the family. If lions and tigers were extinct they would be restored to look exactly alike. No living elephants have much hair and mammoths, which are extinct elephants, would doubtless be restored as hairless if we did not happen to know that they had thick, woolly coats. We know this only because mammoths are so recently extinct that prehistoric 63 men drew pictures of them and that the hide and hair have actually been found in a few specimens 64. For older extinct animals we have no such clues.
21. According to the passage, the soft part of fossilized animals _____.
(A) can always be accurately 65 identified
(B) have usually left some traces
(C) can usually be reconstructed
(D) have always vanished without any trace
22. The muscles of a fossilized animal can sometimes be reconstructed because _____.
(A) they were preserved with the rest of the animal
(B) they were lodged inside the animal’s skull
(C) they were hardened parts of the animal’s body
(D) they were attached to the animal’s skeleton
23. The reconstruction 66 of a fossilized animal’s external appearance is considered necessary
in order to _____.
(A) satisfy popular curiosity
(B) answer scientific questions
(C) establish its activities
(D) determine its eating habits
24. The word “equivocal” (para. 3) means _____.
(A) equally important
(B) definable
(C) equally doubtful
(D) deliberate
25. The third paragraph of the passage deals with the difficulties of restoring the following fossilized animals EXCEPT _____.
(A) those which had complex internal structures
(B) those which had no external hard parts
(C) those which had fur-covered bodies
(D) those which had no living relatives
Questions 26--30
There is a basic hypothesis that the majority of serious motoring offences are derived 67 from accidents, and there is nothing in the offender’s personality or background that predisposes him to break the law. If an accident is a chance event that happens so quickly and suddenly that it is beyond anyone’s control to prevent it, then it is clear that this hypothesis is disproved. For only about 14 per cent of the 653 offences considered in a recent survey could possibly be called inadvertent accidents in this sense, and even this estimate is stretching credulity to its limits. In the great majority of cases the offences were largely of the offenders 68’ own making. In 11 per cent of the 653 cases and 21 per cent of 43 offenders who were interviewed there was evidence of selfish, and even ruthless, self-interest, but it was not possible to infer personality disturbance 69 in more than 25 per cent of the 653 and 39 per cent of the 43 offenders. Though the inferences with regard to personality traits may be an overestimate 70 in the interpretation 71 of qualitative 72 data, they could equally be an underestimate, since so very little was ever recorded about the offenders themselves. The lack of data is a consequence of the almost total lack of interest in motoring offenders as persons.It must be assumed, therefore, in the absence of evidence to the contrary that the majority of serious motoring offenders considered in the survey were normal people, who succumbed 73 to temptation when circumstances were favourable 74 and it was expedient 75 to take a chance, so perhaps there is something in the normal personality that predisposes a driver to break the law. Whatever it is, its presence is much more evident in males than in females, since the analysis of the national statistics shows a predominance of males over females of between 18:1 and 22:1. The real significance of these figures is hard to assess, because the relative proportions of each sex at risk are unknown. One research worker produced a ratio of six males to one female from his sample of insurance policy holders 77, but this is almost certainly an underestimate since many females—probably more than males—are likely to be driving on someone else’s policy. A ration 8 of three to one is probably nearer to the real state of affairs. Females reached noticeable proportions only among the hit-and-run drivers, and there seems to be some justification 78 for calling this the ‘feminine’ offence. The difference between the sexes in their relative propensity 79 to break the law on the roads is important, because it shows that motoring offenders have a characteristic in common with offenders in other fields of criminal activity, where males predominate to a marked degree. One motor insurance underwriter recently announced his intention to offer discounts on premiums 80 where the policy holder 76 or the ‘named driver’ was a woman.
The basic hypothesis is further disproved by the very high incidence, among the offences studied, of failing to insure against third-party risks. Yet accidents brought to light only a very small percentage of this kind of crime. Moreover, it could not possibly be said that this, the most common of the serious offences, was brought about by providence 81. On the contrary, it can be regarded as a typical form of economic crime, which, although sometimes committed through inadvertence, is more usually quite deliberate and calculated.
26. The word “hypothesis” (line 1) means _____.
(A) a wrong belief
(B) an unproved theory
(C) a demonstrable idea
(D) a fundamental law
27. Inadequate 82 statistical 83 information about the personalities 84 of motoring offenders is largely the result of _____.
(A) the difficulty of interpreting the self-evident facts
(B) the inaccessibility 85 of the police records
(C) scanty 86 recorded evidence of the offenders themselves
(D) insufficient 87 research into the recorded qualitative data
28. Women can sometimes get more favourable motoring insurance terms than men because statistically 88 _____.
(A) they are much better at controlling a car
(B) they are smaller and more important
(C) they are less likely to commit grave offences
(D) they are more unwilling 89 to take out policies themselves
29. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
(A) women are unwilling to drive on someone else’s policy
(B) women are more likely to be the hit-and-run drivers
(C) men are regarded as criminals in road accidents
(D) men are more likely to be insurance underwriters
30. A “third party” (para. 3) is essentially 90 _____.
(A) any insured woman driver
(B) the driver of an insured car
(C) a normal policy-holder
(D) any other road-user
SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (1)(30 minutes)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
There is a growing number of economists 91 who believe today’s brutally 92 tough labor 93 market is not a temporary American oddity. Falling wages, reduced benefits and rising job insecurity seem to be increasingly entrenched 94 features of the job scene across most of Western Europe, the United States and other parts of the developed world. The number of insecure freelance positions is rising (as are working hours) while stable jobs with good benefits are being cut. Laid-off workers are much less likely to be rehired by their old companies and have to find new jobs or turn to self-employment. Those who still have jobs are working longer hours with little prospect 95 of meaningful raises.
The new labor market is shaped by growing global competition, spurred by the rise of cheap manufacturers in China, India and Eastern Europe, and the price-chopping effect of both the Internet and giant retailers 96 led by Wal-Mart. These forces compel Western companies to exercise a growing restraint on prices and labor cost. One thing globalization clearly does is to exert a leveling effect on wages.
SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST (2)(30 minutes)
Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
中国有句古话：“相知无远近，万里尚为邻”。中国与亚洲各国山水相连，
共同铸就了灿烂的亚洲文明；古老而美丽的“丝绸之路”，谱写了中欧千年往来
的美好篇章。中国与亚欧各国的互利合作正在步入一个全新的阶段。中国已成为
亚欧和世界经济发展中的积极力量，我们将坚定走和平发展的道路，致力于同亚
欧各国发展富有活力和长期稳定的全面合作关系，与亚欧各国相互支持，携手前
进，共创美好的未来。
- We have overspent.We'll have to let up our expenditures next month. 我们已经超支了，下个月一定得节约开支。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The pension includes an allowance of fifty pounds for traffic expenditures. 年金中包括50镑交通费补贴。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- A dime is a tenth of a dollar.一角银币是十分之一美元。
- The liberty torch is on the back of the dime.自由火炬在一角硬币的反面。
- This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
- His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
- Her religion was a crutch to her when John died.约翰死后，她在精神上依靠宗教信仰支撑住自己。
- He uses his wife as a kind of crutch because of his lack of confidence.他缺乏自信心，总把妻子当作主心骨。
- There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。
- He was impressed by the high calibre of applicants for the job. 求职人员出色的能力给他留下了深刻印象。
- I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life.我试图如实地评价我自己的一生。
- The new scheme is still under evaluation.新方案还在评估阶段。
- His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
- We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
- The country cut the bread ration last year.那个国家去年削减面包配给量。
- We have to ration the water.我们必须限量用水。
- negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
- Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。
- This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
- There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
- They demand a refund on unsatisfactory goods.他们对不满意的货品要求退款。
- We'll refund your money if you aren't satisfied.你若不满意，我们愿意退款给你。
- He is the more diligent of the two boys.他是这两个男孩中较用功的一个。
- She is diligent and keeps herself busy all the time.她真勤快，一会儿也不闲着。
- Tony seemed very shallow and immature.托尼看起来好像很肤浅，不夠成熟。
- The birds were in immature plumage.这些鸟儿羽翅未全。
- He was lost in admiration of the beauty of the scene.他对风景之美赞不绝口。
- We have a great admiration for the gold medalists.我们对金牌获得者极为敬佩。
- In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。
- Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。
- Only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
- The complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。
- The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
- The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。
- That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
- It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。
- Her mind is occupied with speculation.她的头脑忙于思考。
- There is widespread speculation that he is going to resign.人们普遍推测他要辞职。
- They irrigated their crops with water from this river. 他们用这条小河里的水浇庄稼。
- A crop can be sown, weeded, irrigated, and fertilized uniformly. 一种作物可以均匀一致地进行播种，除草，灌溉和施肥。
- He made a hack at the log.他朝圆木上砍了一下。
- Early settlers had to hack out a clearing in the forest where they could grow crops.早期移民不得不在森林里劈出空地种庄稼。
- The ship hit an iceberg and went under.船撞上一座冰山而沉没了。
- The glacier calved a large iceberg.冰河崩解而形成一个大冰山。
- The drift of the icebergs in the sea endangers the ships. 海上冰山的漂流危及船只的安全。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The icebergs towered above them. 冰山高耸于他们上方。 来自辞典例句
- We need to tug the car round to the front.我们需要把那辆车拉到前面。
- The tug is towing three barges.那只拖船正拖着三只驳船。
- An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
- He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
- The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
- Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。
- the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
- The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。
- His comments have inflamed teachers all over the country. 他的评论激怒了全国教师。
- Her joints are severely inflamed. 她的关节严重发炎。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The waves had taken on a deep swell.海浪汹涌。
- His injured wrist began to swell.他那受伤的手腕开始肿了。
- They took steps to prevent the spread of influenza.他们采取措施
- Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。
- The aspirin seems to quiet the headache.阿司匹林似乎使头痛减轻了。
- She went into a chemist's and bought some aspirin.她进了一家药店，买了些阿司匹林。
- I have been having an earache for about a week.我的耳朵已经痛了一个星期了。
- I've had an earache for the past few days.我耳痛好几天了。
- Use ice to reduce the swelling. 用冰敷消肿。
- There is a marked swelling of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结处有明显的肿块。
- The antelope could not escape the crocodile's gaping jaws. 那只羚羊无法从鱷鱼张开的大口中逃脱。
- The scored jaws of a vise help it bite the work. 台钳上有刻痕的虎钳牙帮助它紧咬住工件。
- The bad weather has hung up the work of excavation.天气不好耽误了挖掘工作。
- The excavation exposed some ancient ruins.这次挖掘暴露出一些古遗迹。
- He suffered cracked ribs and bruising. 他断了肋骨还有挫伤。
- Make a small incision below the ribs. 在肋骨下方切开一个小口。
- The Chinese people have backbone.中国人民有骨气。
- The backbone is an articulate structure.脊椎骨是一种关节相连的结构。
- The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
- He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去，跌裂了颅骨。
- Whenever It'shows its true nature, real life bogs to a standstill. 无论何时，只要它显示出它的本来面目，真正的生活就陷入停滞。 来自名作英译部分
- At Jitra we went wading through bogs. 在日得拉我们步行着从泥水塘里穿过去。 来自辞典例句
- The lecturer is an anthropologist.这位讲师是人类学家。
- The anthropologist unearthed the skull of an ancient human at the site.人类学家在这个遗址挖掘出那块古人类的颅骨。
- He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
- The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
- He was the quintessential english aristocrat.他是典型的英国贵族。
- He is an aristocrat to the very marrow of his bones.他是一个道道地地的贵族。
- Primary plaques were detectable in 16 to 20 hours. 在16到20小时内可查出原发溶斑。
- The gondoliers wore green and white livery and silver plaques on their chests. 船夫们穿着白绿两色的制服，胸前别着银质徽章。
- We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。
- Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮肤细腻。
- The rope holding the boat suddenly tightened and broke. 系船的绳子突然绷断了。
- His index finger tightened on the trigger but then relaxed again. 他的食指扣住扳机，然后又松开了。
- The bruise was caused by a kick.这伤痕是脚踢的。
- Jack fell down yesterday and got a big bruise on his face.杰克昨天摔了一跤，脸上摔出老大一块淤斑。
- When one's coffin is covered,all discussion about him can be settled.盖棺论定。
- The coffin was placed in the grave.那口棺材已安放到坟墓里去了。
- We all dread to think what will happen if the company closes.我们都不敢去想一旦公司关门我们该怎么办。
- Her heart was relieved of its blankest dread.她极度恐惧的心理消除了。
- The argument is internally contradictory.论据本身自相矛盾。
- What he said was self-contradictory.他讲话前后不符。
- If you do such sloppy work again,I promise I'll fail you.要是下次作业你再马马虎虎，我话说在头里，可要给你打不及格了。
- Mother constantly picked at him for being sloppy.母亲不断地批评他懒散。
- There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
- Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
- The effrontery of his deceptions inside and outside the conference room could be enraging. 他在会议室内外放肆的欺骗手段简直令人怒火中烧。
- It buffeted the beasts, enraging them. 它打击着那些野兽，激怒着它们。
- The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
- The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。
- The police released Andrew with reluctance.警方勉强把安德鲁放走了。
- He showed the greatest reluctance to make a reply.他表示很不愿意答复。
- It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
- This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。
- The vacuum cleaner has four different attachments. 吸尘器有四个不同的附件。
- It's an electric drill with a range of different attachments. 这是一个带有各种配件的电钻。
- When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
- His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。
- The path winds along mountain ridges. 峰回路转。
- Perhaps that was the deepest truth in Ridges's nature. 在里奇斯的思想上，这大概可以算是天经地义第一条了。
- Wheels leave grooves in a dirt road. 车轮在泥路上留下了凹痕。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Sliding doors move in grooves. 滑动门在槽沟中移动。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- The certificate will have to be lodged at the registry. 证书必须存放在登记处。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Our neighbours lodged a complaint against us with the police. 我们的邻居向警方控告我们。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
- Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。
- They have found prehistoric remains.他们发现了史前遗迹。
- It was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic equipment.这儿倒像是在展览古老的电子设备。
- Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon. 宇航员从月球带回了岩石标本。
- The traveler brought back some specimens of the rocks from the mountains. 那位旅行者从山上带回了一些岩石标本。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
- Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
- The country faces a huge task of national reconstruction following the war.战后，该国面临着重建家园的艰巨任务。
- In the period of reconstruction,technique decides everything.在重建时期，技术决定一切。
- Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
- Purposeful work is an important part of the regime for young offenders. 使从事有意义的劳动是管理少年犯的重要方法。
- He is suffering an emotional disturbance.他的情绪受到了困扰。
- You can work in here without any disturbance.在这儿你可不受任何干扰地工作。
- Don't overestimate seriousness of the problem.别把问题看重了。
- We overestimate our influence and our nuisance value.我们过高地估计了自己的影响力和破坏作用。
- His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
- Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。
- There are qualitative differences in the way children and adults think.孩子和成年人的思维方式有质的不同。
- Arms races have a quantitative and a qualitative aspects.军备竞赛具有数量和质量两个方面。
- The town succumbed after a short siege. 该城被围困不久即告失守。
- After an artillery bombardment lasting several days the town finally succumbed. 在持续炮轰数日后，该城终于屈服了。
- The company will lend you money on very favourable terms.这家公司将以非常优惠的条件借钱给你。
- We found that most people are favourable to the idea.我们发现大多数人同意这个意见。
- The government found it expedient to relax censorship a little.政府发现略微放宽审查是可取的。
- Every kind of expedient was devised by our friends.我们的朋友想出了各种各样的应急办法。
- The holder of the office of chairman is reponsible for arranging meetings.担任主席职位的人负责安排会议。
- That runner is the holder of the world record for the hundred-yard dash.那位运动员是一百码赛跑世界纪录的保持者。
- Slaves were mercilessly ground down by slave holders. 奴隶受奴隶主的残酷压迫。
- It is recognition of compassion's part that leads the up-holders of capital punishment to accuse the abolitionists of sentimentality in being more sorry for the murderer than for his victim. 正是对怜悯的作用有了认识，才使得死刑的提倡者指控主张废除死刑的人感情用事，同情谋杀犯胜过同情受害者。
- There's no justification for dividing the company into smaller units. 没有理由把公司划分成小单位。
- In the young there is a justification for this feeling. 在年轻人中有这种感觉是有理由的。
- He has a propensity for drinking too much alcohol.他有酗酒的倾向。
- She hasn't reckoned on his propensity for violence.她不曾料到他有暴力倾向。
- He paid premiums on his life insurance last year. 他去年付了人寿保险费。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
- Moves are afoot to increase car insurance premiums. 现正在酝酿提高汽车的保险费。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- It is tempting Providence to go in that old boat.乘那艘旧船前往是冒大险。
- To act as you have done is to fly in the face of Providence.照你的所作所为那样去行事，是违背上帝的意志的。
- The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
- She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。
- He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
- They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。
- There seemed to be a degree of personalities in her remarks.她话里有些人身攻击的成分。
- Personalities are not in good taste in general conversation.在一般的谈话中诽谤他人是不高尚的。
- Her tone and her look still enveloped her in a soft inaccessibility. 她的语调和神态依旧把她禁锢在一种不可接近的状态中。
- There is scanty evidence to support their accusations.他们的指控证据不足。
- The rainfall was rather scanty this month.这个月的雨量不足。
- There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
- In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。
- The sample of building permits is larger and therefore, statistically satisfying. 建筑许可数的样本比较大，所以统计数据更令人满意。
- The results of each test would have to be statistically independent. 每次试验的结果在统计上必须是独立的。
- The natives were unwilling to be bent by colonial power.土著居民不愿受殖民势力的摆布。
- His tightfisted employer was unwilling to give him a raise.他那吝啬的雇主不肯给他加薪。
- Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
- She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
- The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
- Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The uprising was brutally put down.起义被残酷地镇压下去了。
- A pro-democracy uprising was brutally suppressed.一场争取民主的起义被残酷镇压了。
- We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
- He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。
- Television seems to be firmly entrenched as the number one medium for national advertising.电视看来要在全国广告媒介中牢固地占据头等位置。
- If the enemy dares to attack us in these entrenched positions,we will make short work of them.如果敌人胆敢进攻我们固守的阵地，我们就消灭他们。