英国学生科学读本 第19期:一卷棉线

 　　Lesson19 A reel of cotton

　　第19课 一卷棉线
　　Let us take some of the white cotton off this reel, and try to find out what the thread of cotton is made of. We can pull the white thread to pieces, and then we see that it is made of many short fibres or hairs, which have been twisted together. COTTON FIBRE（棉纤维）
　　小朋友, 咱们从这个轴子上拿下点儿白色的棉线来, 看看棉线是什么做的。我们可以把这种白线拆成一条一条, 然后就可以看见, 棉线是很多短短的纤维或者“毛”拧在一起的。
　　These little hairs do not grow on an animal; we get them from a plant. They are found inside the seed-pod of the cotton-plant.
　　这些毛并不是动物身上长的, 而是从植物上采下来的, 是在一种叫“棉”的植物的种荚里找到的。
　　The cotton-plant is a low bush or shrub 1, not more than four or five feet high. To see this plant growing, we must go to warm countries.
　　棉花是一种矮灌木, 顶多只有四五英尺高。要看见这种植物, 一定要去比较暖和的地方。
　　The seeds of the cotton-plant are sown in spring; and the plant grows so quickly that its large yellow flowers appear in a few months.
　　棉花是在春天播种的。这种植物长得快极了, 只要几个月, 就会开出大大的黄花来。
　　When the flowers drop off, we see large brown seed-pods. Soon these pods burst open, and then we see a ball of white cotton fibres, with some black seeds in the centre. SEED-POD AND FIBRES（种荚和纤维）
　　花儿落了, 就能看见大个儿的棕色种荚。种荚很快会裂开, 我们看见的是“棉桃”, 也就是棉花。棉桃是一团白色的棉纤维, 中间有点儿黑色的棉籽。
　　The seeds are sown and the cotton is picked by black people or negroes. They can bear the heat of the sun far better than white people.
　　工人再把棉籽播下去, 把棉桃采下来。从事这些工作的大部分是黑人, 他们承受日晒的能力要比白人强得多。
　　After the seeds have been taken out by a machine, the cotton is made into big bundles or bales. These bales of cotton are brought to England in ships.
　　工人用机器除去棉桃里的棉籽, 然后把棉花捆成大包将这些棉包用船运到英国。
　　The bales are taken from the ships to the cotton-mills. Here the cotton is again cleaned; and it is then carded, or combed out, so that all the fibres lie side by side. After this has been done, the fibres are spun 2 or twisted into threads.
　　人们把棉包从船上卸下来, 送到棉纺织厂, 再次对棉花进行清洁, 然后进行“梳理”, 让所有的棉纤维都排列整齐。梳理完了之后, 再把棉纤维“纺”成棉线。
　　Now get a small bit of calico or muslin, and begin to fray 3 out the edge. If you are very careful, you can pull out little threads of cotton one by one. Soon you will pull all the calico into threads.
　　小朋友, 请你拿一小块儿白棉布, 动手把边儿上的线抽出来。要是你非常小心, 就能一根根地抽出细细的棉线, 很快就能把整块棉布都变成细线了。
　　Look at the threads in the calico. There are two sets, crossing each other and going up and down as they cross, just as you see your mother crossing the threads of wool when she darns your stockings.
　　仔细看看棉布里的细线。细线有横竖两组, 交叉排成十字形, 就像妈妈给你补袜子的时候, 把羊毛线交叉排列起来一样。
　　When threads are crossed in this way to make cloth, we say that they are woven. Weaving is done on a machine called a loom 4. Many people in England live by spinning and weaving cotton. Calico is bleached 5 to make it white; or it can be dyed any colour that we like to make it.
　　把线这样交叉起来, 用来做布的这个过程, 叫做“纺织”。纺织用的机器就是织布机, 英语叫loom。在英国有很多人靠纺线和织布为生。棉布可以漂白, 变成纯白色, 也可以染成我们想要的任何颜色。