时间:2019-02-12 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   英汉两种语言都有被动语态,但由于表达习惯上的差异,英语往往习惯用被动语态来表达,而汉语则和主动语态来表达。如:That young man cannot be relied upon.译成汉语就应该是“那位年轻人不可信赖”或者“我们不能信任那位年轻人”。如果将此句译成汉语的被动句“那位年轻人不可以被信赖”,译文就会显得很别扭,不符合汉语的表达习惯。由此可见,翻译时经常进行语态的转换是十分必要的。英语中被动语态的使用十分广泛,尤其在考研翻译中,这种现象更为多见。相比之下,汉语被动语态使用的范围要小得多。因此,在英译汉时,大量被动语态的句子需要通过种种方法加以处理,以保证译文通顺流畅地表达原意。英语被动语态的汉译一般有以下几种方法。


  一、译成汉语主动句
  将英语被动语态译成汉语主动语态的方法一般包括以下几种:
  (一) 保存原文主语
  当英语被动句中的主语为无生命的名词,而且句中不出现由by引导的行为主体时,翻译时往往将原句中的主语仍然译成主语。
  The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.
  会议定于四月六日举行。
  Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.
  水能从液体变成固体。
  When rust 1 is formed , a chemical change has taken place.
  当锈形成的时候,就发生了化学变化。
  (二) 主宾颠倒
  英语中很多被动句子在表示行为主体的词前都加上by, 翻译时可将这类by结构中的宾语译成主语,而将原来的主语译成宾语。
  She was given a new pen by her father.
  她爸爸送给她一支新钢笔。
  Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.
  这种化学反应能放出热和光。
  Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us.
  现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。
  有时英语被动句中并未出现by结构,而只是代之以一个由介词短语构成的状语。这时仍可采用主宾颠倒的译法,将介词短语中的名词或名词词组译成句子的主语。
  Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country.
  我国已将通讯卫星用于实况转播。
  The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter.
  下一章提供了有关的数据资料。
  (三) 增加主语
  有些英语被动句并未在句中出现表示行为主体的词或词组,在翻译这类句子时,可适当增添一些不确定的主语,如“人们”、“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等。
  The issue has not yet been thoroughly 2 explored.
  人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。
  She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.
  有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。
  What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world.
  我们在这里所讲的话,人们不会长久记住。然而我们在这儿所做的事,却能改变世界。
  二、译成汉语无主句
  英语中有些被动句不需要或无法说出行为的主体,因此,翻译时往往译成汉语的无主句。这时,原句中的主语一般译成宾语。
  Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic 3 from spreading quickly.
  已经采取了措施来防止这种流行病迅速蔓延。
  Water can be shown as containing impurities 4.
  可以证明,水含有杂质。
  The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end.
  必须全部停止这种讨厌的噪声。
  三、译成汉语判断句
  有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作,而着重对事物的状态、过程和性质等加以描述,其作用与系表结构类似。因此,翻译这种英语被动句,经常采用“是...的”判断句式。
  The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
  进攻的决定
  不是轻易作出的。
  Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
  印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。
  The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution.
  手稿是在法国革命前几周寄往伦敦付印的。
  The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.
  美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。

n.锈;v.生锈;(脑子)衰退
  • She scraped the rust off the kitchen knife.她擦掉了菜刀上的锈。
  • The rain will rust the iron roof.雨水会使铁皮屋顶生锈。
adv.完全地,彻底地,十足地
  • The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。
  • The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。
n.流行病;盛行;adj.流行性的,流传极广的
  • That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
  • The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。
不纯( impurity的名词复数 ); 不洁; 淫秽; 杂质
  • A filter will remove most impurities found in water. 过滤器会滤掉水中的大部分杂质。
  • Oil is refined to remove naturally occurring impurities. 油经过提炼去除天然存在的杂质。
标签: 被动语态 翻译
学英语单词
Acanthurus chirurgus
anvil ratio
Aquileia
arabinosyl-N6-hydroxyadenine
artificial transmutation
arundo conspicuas
Asset Redeployment
at the sign of
atta boy
Aucholzie
autosomal dominant disorders
back court
bicycle path
black hairstreaks
blade tilt angle
bugle ratio
camera-maker
chemurgy
civicminded
cloth cleaner
commutator diameter
controlled-current polarography
crawdaddy
crystalline zone
Cytovene
DC (data cell)
decenoate
decoratives
design outline
diagram ofintegration
diswarns
espnet
exciter alternator
generalized Boolean lattice
goating
GOPer
grocer's
guillevine
gypsum trowel finish
heavy-duty spiketooth harrow
hemolytic active protein
hirdman
Hitchita
iliupersis
illite clay
inherent filter
internal form
intraquery
John Lewis
leno cloth
long-cloth
lower order bias estimator
magnesitechrome
maythorn
Meccawees
microbulking
miquel
Mobutazon
MRDOS (mapped real-time disk operating system)
msh (melanocyte-stimulating hormone)
neurofibromins
NLS (no-load speed)
nogents
noncatalytic
normal statement
opuntia chollas
Osun State
outflattering
overall limitation
Pasrur
pegasse
photoswitching
piece of work
platycodon grandiflorum
point-focusing monochromator
private certificate services
quinary
reconducted
Salpinctes
scatter-shot
scorbutic ulitis
second handtap
seconding of a motion
setting in seedling
shrunk finish
shursee
SSC-2
tangential blade spacing
target distribution
terminate agreement
tipping chassis
tool dressing
trichosis sensitiva
two-valley model
tympanotomy
universal combined punching and shearing machine
unjointed
vermiculite
verti-port
What kind of climate do you have
yo-yo