时间:2019-02-09 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   在翻译中,我们时常也会碰到数词的翻译。由于英汉两种语言在表达数字以及倍数增减方面存在一定的差别,翻译时应十分小心,稍有不慎,就可能会出现错误。因此我们在翻译数字时务必格外谨慎,力争做到准确无误。


  一、数词组成的常用短语
  这类短语大多是由数词和介词搭配而成,或是数词和其他词类搭配而成,常用来表示不确定的范围和概念,有时也可表示事物所处的状态或其他情况。例如:
  by hundreds 数以百计
  by thousands数以千计;大量
  by(the) millions数以百万计
  by halves不完全
  hundreds of数百;数以百计
  thousands of 数千;数以千计
  hundreds of thousands of 几十万;无数的
  thousands upon thousands 万千上万
  millions upon millions of 千百万
  tens of, decades of数十个
  dozens of几打;几十个
  scores of 许多,大量
  billions of几十亿
  hundreds of millions亿万
  a thousand and one无数的
  a hundred and one许多
  ten to one十之八九
  nine cases out of ten十之八九
  nine tenths十之八九;几乎全部
  tens of thousands 好几万
  several millions of数百万
  fifty-fifty各半的;对半的;平均
  by one hundred percent百分之百的;全部
  a long hundred一百多;一百二十
  a few tenths of十分之几;有几成
  by twos and threes三三两两
  by ones or twos三三两两;零零落落
  in two twos转眼;立即
  at sixes and sevens乱七八糟
  one or two少许;几个
  twenty and twenty 三分之二,2/3
  first of all 首先
  second to none首屈一指
  last but one 倒数第二
  a decade of 十个,10
  a score of 二十,20
  a dozen of 一打,12个
  Thousands of people attended the meeting.
  数千人参加了会议。
  Ten to one she has forgotten it.
  十有八九她把这件事给忘了。
  Her name ranks last but one on the list.
  她的名字在名单上排在倒数第二。
  In a few minutes the students began to come in by twos and threes.
  几分钟之后,学生们三三两两地走了进来。
  二、需要换算数词的翻译
  由于英语数字的表达与汉语数字的表达方式不同,汉译时需要换算。数字的换算看起来似乎很简单,但翻译工作者往往会因为不小心而犯错误,可谓失之毫厘、廖之千里。例如:
  ten thousand(10个千)一万
  one hundred thousand(100个千)十万
  ten million(10个百万)千万
  one hundred million(100个百万)亿
  one billion十亿(美式英语)
  ten billion(10个十亿)百亿
  one hundred billion(100个十亿)千亿
  one trillion万亿
  三、概数的译法
  概数是用来表示简略、大概情况的数字。英语和汉语中都有使用概数来表示不确定的范围或概念的语言现象。例如汉语中的几个、十来个、若干、大约、大概、左右、上下、约有、不到、多于、少于等概念,在英语中都能找到与之对等的词。
  (一) 表示“大约”、“不确定”的翻译策略
  在英语中,一般常使用about, some, around, round, nearly, towards, somewhere about, estimated 1, approximately, in/of/on the border of, close to等词修饰数字,表示“不确定”、“大约”、“上下”、“将近”、“几 乎”等。
  The volume of the sun is about (or some, around, round) 1,300,000 times that of the earth.
  太阳的体积约为地球的130万倍。
  It is nearly (or towards) 4 o’clock.
  现在已是将近4点了。
  The price of this new machine is in the neighborhood of a thousand dollars.
  这台新机器的价格约1,000美元。
  According to the weatherman, the temperature will be up 5
  ℃ or so.
  据天气预报,气温将升高5℃左右。
  (二)表示“高于”、“多于”的翻译方法
  英语常用more than, odd 2, over, above, long, past, or more, upwards 3 of , higher than, exceed 4, in excess 5 of 等词修饰数字,表示“超过”、“以上”、“有余”、“高于”、“多于”等。
  The weight of this child is said to be over one hundred pounds.
  据说,这个孩子的体重有100多磅。
  It took me more than two hours to finish the homework.
  我花了两个多小时才做完家庭作业。
  This car has run a long thousand miles.
  这辆车已经跑了1000多英里。
  (三)表示“少于”、“差一些”、“不到”等的翻译方法
  英语常用less, less than, below, no more than, under, short of , off, to, within, as few as 等词修饰数字,表示“少于”、“不到”、“以下”等。
  It took one month less than three years for them to develop the new material.
  他们花了三年差一个月的时间才研制出了这种新材料。
  The price of that tricycle is less than one hundred and eighty-five francs.
  那辆三轮车的人售价还不到185法郎。
  He bought the coffeepot at 6 dollars off the list price.
  他以低于价目表6美元的价格买下了那个咖啡壶。

adj.根据估计的
  • She estimated the breadth of the lake to be 500 metres. 她估计湖面大约有500米宽。
  • The man estimated for the repair of the car. 那人估算了修理汽车的费用。
adj.奇特的;临时的;奇数的;n.[pl.]机会
  • She looks a bit odd.I wonder what has happened to her.她的神色有些异样,不知出了什么事。
  • He's an odd character and no mistake!他的确是个怪人!
adv.向上,在更高处...以上
  • The trend of prices is still upwards.物价的趋向是仍在上涨。
  • The smoke rose straight upwards.烟一直向上升。
vt.超过,胜过,越出
  • The expenses shall not exceed 200 yuan.费用以200元为限。
  • Exports yearly exceed imports.输出每年超过输入。
n.过量,过度;超越;adj.过量的,附加的
  • He advised his son never to spend in excess of his income.他劝儿子开支不可超过收入。
  • You're too fat;try and run off all those excess pounds.你太胖了,要跑跑步减肥。
标签: 语法 翻译
学英语单词
advancement of ocular muscles
AEC
age domination
apaps
ardurous
articulationes plana
automated chemistry program
ball washers
bone-shaking
Burkes Garden
capital offense
chorale fantasia
clean state principle
coclypeus
combat-like
complete distributive law
consummate a business merger
cross recessed countersunk flat head wood screw
de-alumidification
deauthorizing
desmodium buergeri miq.
differential temperature coefficient
discors
Ebensfeld
eggs per gram
electrospray ionization
elementary length
feeder roads
Ferraton
film-streaming
fixed base index
flexible wine rope
Fluor chrome arsenate phenol
full-thickness skin transplantation
geographical exploration traverse
give the show away
good old times
grisellan
gross annual output value
group relaxation method
habil
helibarge
Holcoglossum flavescens
hubbelraths
hygral expansion index
hyperon star
hypointensity
hypovascularizations
impossibilita giuridica
indirect consumption
isoamylmagnesium bromide
isokatanabar
lanatoside
leach resistance
Lentigny
lining pad
location rent
luffers
menacme
monobel
monosilver
N.A.n.a.
NASAPR
noncouple
oothecostomy
oral rib
packaged electronic instruments
partida
pentafluoropyridines
petit souper
Pratola Serra
propionic anhydride
puralin
raccoon eyes
Raharney
regretfully
return to vendor
rheinzinks
rooflights
sandlund
Scotizing
select vestries bill
sentinate
serial publications
severance wage
Sinfoniettas
singular homology group
spiral-plate heat exchanger
start-up wear
stinton
sulcus of calcaneus
survey of stores
tasajillo
thunderstorm low
topographic frontogenesis
transformation plasticity
TY1
unnooked
uplifting pressure
valorous
vertex of convex cell
young tableau