时间:2019-02-09 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   在翻译中,我们时常也会碰到数词的翻译。由于英汉两种语言在表达数字以及倍数增减方面存在一定的差别,翻译时应十分小心,稍有不慎,就可能会出现错误。因此我们在翻译数字时务必格外谨慎,力争做到准确无误。


  一、数词组成的常用短语
  这类短语大多是由数词和介词搭配而成,或是数词和其他词类搭配而成,常用来表示不确定的范围和概念,有时也可表示事物所处的状态或其他情况。例如:
  by hundreds 数以百计
  by thousands数以千计;大量
  by(the) millions数以百万计
  by halves不完全
  hundreds of数百;数以百计
  thousands of 数千;数以千计
  hundreds of thousands of 几十万;无数的
  thousands upon thousands 万千上万
  millions upon millions of 千百万
  tens of, decades of数十个
  dozens of几打;几十个
  scores of 许多,大量
  billions of几十亿
  hundreds of millions亿万
  a thousand and one无数的
  a hundred and one许多
  ten to one十之八九
  nine cases out of ten十之八九
  nine tenths十之八九;几乎全部
  tens of thousands 好几万
  several millions of数百万
  fifty-fifty各半的;对半的;平均
  by one hundred percent百分之百的;全部
  a long hundred一百多;一百二十
  a few tenths of十分之几;有几成
  by twos and threes三三两两
  by ones or twos三三两两;零零落落
  in two twos转眼;立即
  at sixes and sevens乱七八糟
  one or two少许;几个
  twenty and twenty 三分之二,2/3
  first of all 首先
  second to none首屈一指
  last but one 倒数第二
  a decade of 十个,10
  a score of 二十,20
  a dozen of 一打,12个
  Thousands of people attended the meeting.
  数千人参加了会议。
  Ten to one she has forgotten it.
  十有八九她把这件事给忘了。
  Her name ranks last but one on the list.
  她的名字在名单上排在倒数第二。
  In a few minutes the students began to come in by twos and threes.
  几分钟之后,学生们三三两两地走了进来。
  二、需要换算数词的翻译
  由于英语数字的表达与汉语数字的表达方式不同,汉译时需要换算。数字的换算看起来似乎很简单,但翻译工作者往往会因为不小心而犯错误,可谓失之毫厘、廖之千里。例如:
  ten thousand(10个千)一万
  one hundred thousand(100个千)十万
  ten million(10个百万)千万
  one hundred million(100个百万)亿
  one billion十亿(美式英语)
  ten billion(10个十亿)百亿
  one hundred billion(100个十亿)千亿
  one trillion万亿
  三、概数的译法
  概数是用来表示简略、大概情况的数字。英语和汉语中都有使用概数来表示不确定的范围或概念的语言现象。例如汉语中的几个、十来个、若干、大约、大概、左右、上下、约有、不到、多于、少于等概念,在英语中都能找到与之对等的词。
  (一) 表示“大约”、“不确定”的翻译策略
  在英语中,一般常使用about, some, around, round, nearly, towards, somewhere about, estimated 1, approximately, in/of/on the border of, close to等词修饰数字,表示“不确定”、“大约”、“上下”、“将近”、“几 乎”等。
  The volume of the sun is about (or some, around, round) 1,300,000 times that of the earth.
  太阳的体积约为地球的130万倍。
  It is nearly (or towards) 4 o’clock.
  现在已是将近4点了。
  The price of this new machine is in the neighborhood of a thousand dollars.
  这台新机器的价格约1,000美元。
  According to the weatherman, the temperature will be up 5
  ℃ or so.
  据天气预报,气温将升高5℃左右。
  (二)表示“高于”、“多于”的翻译方法
  英语常用more than, odd 2, over, above, long, past, or more, upwards 3 of , higher than, exceed 4, in excess 5 of 等词修饰数字,表示“超过”、“以上”、“有余”、“高于”、“多于”等。
  The weight of this child is said to be over one hundred pounds.
  据说,这个孩子的体重有100多磅。
  It took me more than two hours to finish the homework.
  我花了两个多小时才做完家庭作业。
  This car has run a long thousand miles.
  这辆车已经跑了1000多英里。
  (三)表示“少于”、“差一些”、“不到”等的翻译方法
  英语常用less, less than, below, no more than, under, short of , off, to, within, as few as 等词修饰数字,表示“少于”、“不到”、“以下”等。
  It took one month less than three years for them to develop the new material.
  他们花了三年差一个月的时间才研制出了这种新材料。
  The price of that tricycle is less than one hundred and eighty-five francs.
  那辆三轮车的人售价还不到185法郎。
  He bought the coffeepot at 6 dollars off the list price.
  他以低于价目表6美元的价格买下了那个咖啡壶。

adj.根据估计的
  • She estimated the breadth of the lake to be 500 metres. 她估计湖面大约有500米宽。
  • The man estimated for the repair of the car. 那人估算了修理汽车的费用。
adj.奇特的;临时的;奇数的;n.[pl.]机会
  • She looks a bit odd.I wonder what has happened to her.她的神色有些异样,不知出了什么事。
  • He's an odd character and no mistake!他的确是个怪人!
adv.向上,在更高处...以上
  • The trend of prices is still upwards.物价的趋向是仍在上涨。
  • The smoke rose straight upwards.烟一直向上升。
vt.超过,胜过,越出
  • The expenses shall not exceed 200 yuan.费用以200元为限。
  • Exports yearly exceed imports.输出每年超过输入。
n.过量,过度;超越;adj.过量的,附加的
  • He advised his son never to spend in excess of his income.他劝儿子开支不可超过收入。
  • You're too fat;try and run off all those excess pounds.你太胖了,要跑跑步减肥。
标签: 语法 翻译
学英语单词
Abentel
address translation map
Ailanthus altissima
alcohol-relateds
All is fish that comes to the net
Allium schoenoprasoides
Ampelopsis aconitifolia
assembler generator
athwarship plane
ato unit
automatic cop changing loom
Azutan
beer-making
bemisted
BHL
blowout preventer (bop)
Bodenwies
bridging cross
caesium (cs)
caudillos
ceramic shell mould
coaxial type
conductive sheet analogue
copolysaccharide
countercriticizes
crottoye
cyst of salivary gland
demi-sels
dislocation strengthening
ecohumanism
eleutherotogony
experimental malacology
failure-tolerant parallel programming
Falmey
fascioscapulohumeral
favour
forecastle erection
functional appliance
Gamboola
glycoinositolphospholipid
grainless phosphor
haemaphysalin
hair gels
Henderson process
hiromu
imminent abortion
incompassing
insurance against death
intensity telemetering system
isolects
junction signal
kalopanaxseptemlobussaponinA
kinematic analy sis of mechanism
lead line strip plan
light E bag
lingerin'
list-oriented system
make a stand against
mechanical manipulator
mepleres transversus
methanol dosing system
minkins
myricaceaes
Nord-Est, Dép.du
oil and water repellent finishing
on mortgage
on policy
pan car
partial abortion
percely
performancewear
pontocythere huihoi
pool of labour
Preparedness Movement
Pugachov
pyrrhotite
reduced capacity tape
reinstater
remote steering gear control system
second-degree murder
side information
strategic review
supra piston alloy
szalatnay
tailwater tunnel
take ... to court
taken out of
tareyton
target-site
temperature standard material for DTA
temperature-controlleds
thrust sth down sb's throat
tipped bit
train running indicator
trans-ocean
transcompilers
trustees in general average
Turing control
tyrant flycatcher
vehicle stopping distance sight
verbal behavior
water storage reservoir