英语语法:介词宾语用法归纳
英语课
在通常情况下,介词必须有自己的宾语。能充当介词宾语的成分很多。如:
1. 名词或代词作介词宾语。如:
He never goes out at night. 他晚上从不出去。
Don’t hide 1 behind others 2. 不要躲在别人后面。
The town is beside the sea. 城镇坐落在海边。
注意:若是人称代词用作介词宾语,要注意用宾格。如:
He got 3 there before me. 他比我先到那儿。(不能用 before I)
2. 动名词(短语)作介词宾语。如:
She is quick at learning 4 languages 5. 她学语言学得很快。
He makes a living 6 by teaching 7. 他以教书为生。
In crossing the street he was 8 run over. 他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。
3. 从句作介词宾语。如:
He was surprised 9 at what she said 10. 听到她说的话,他很吃惊。
He began to think about what he would 11 do. 他开始考虑他该怎么办。
注意:介词后通常不接that从句,但表示“除外”的介词except 12 是例外。如:
I know nothing about him except that he is from Paris. 我只知道他是来自巴黎,其他的就不知道了。
另外,介词后也不接 if 从句作宾语,遇此情况可用 whether 13。如:
We are worried 14 about whether he will come. 我们担心他是否会来。
4. 不定式(短语)作介词宾语。如(from www.zkenglish.com):
He never did 15 anything but watch TV. 除了看电视,他从不干任何事。
It had 16 no effect 17 except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。
注意:在通常情况下,介词后接动词应用动名词,不用不定式,但是表示“除外”的介词 except 和 but 是例外,它们的后面接动词时,通常不用动名词,而用不定式。该不定式有时带 to,有时不带 to,情形比较复杂,大致原则是:其前有do,不定式不带to;其前没有do,不定式通常带to。
另外,介词后虽然通常不直接跟不定式作宾语,但却可接“连接代词(副词)+不定式”结构。如:
I bought a book on how to repair 18 cars. 我买了一本关于如何修理汽车的书。
5. 副词作介词宾语。如:
I can’t stay for long. 我不能久呆。
It’s too hot in here. 这里面太热了。
I looked everywhere except there. 除了那儿,我到处都看过了。
副词用作介词宾语的情况并不常见,通常只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词,而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点,如可说in here,但不能说come to here。
6. 数词作介词宾语。如:
I get up at six. 我6点起床(from www.zkenglish.com)。
He was among 19 the first to arrive. 他是第一批到的。
7. 介词短语作介词宾语。如:
Choose a book from among these. 从这些书中选一本吧。
Suddenly 20 he came 21 out from behind the door. 他突然从门后出来。
说明:通常可后接介词短语作宾语的介词有 from, till 22, until 23, since 24, except, instead 25 of 等。
n.兽皮;迹象;躲藏处;vt.藏,隐瞒,遮避;剥…的皮;vi.躲藏
- She tried to hide her feelings.她设法掩藏她的感情。
- Are you trying to hide something from me?你是不是有什么事想瞒着我?
prep.(pl.)另外的人
- Learning from others is important.向别人学习很重要。
- She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。
v.(get的过去式)得到,猜到,明白
- I just got some bad news.我刚得到一些坏消息。
- I have got far too much work to do.我要做的事太多了。
n.学问,学识,学习;动词learn的现在分词
- When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时,常会从车上掉下来。
- Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。
n.语言( language的名词复数 );表达方式;(某民族、某国家的)语言文字;计算机语言
- I don't want to boast, but I can actually speak six languages. 不是我吹嘘,我确实能讲六种语言。
- She has always excelled in foreign languages. 她的外语从来都是出类拔萃。
adj.活的,活着的,现存的;逼真的,一模一样的;生活的,维持生活的;n.生活,生计
- Nowadays it is very easy to earn a living.现今谋生很容易。
- I'll never forget that as long as I am living.这事我至死也不会忘记。
n.教学,执教,任教,讲授;(复数)教诲
- We all agree in adopting the new teaching method. 我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。
- He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。
adj.感到惊讶的,感到惊奇的
- Is that anything to be surprised at?那有什么可怪的?
- The news greatly surprised us.这消息使我们非常惊异。
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
- He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
- He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
- Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
- Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
v.除,除外,反对;prep.除了...之外,若不是,除非
- Everybody is here except tom.除了汤姆大家都到了。
- He never came except when he was in trouble. 除非有了困难,他从来不到这里来。
conj.是否…,是不是…;是否…,是不是…
- I cannot say whether it was Saturday or Sunday.我无法肯定那天是星期六还是星期天。
- I don't care whether it rains,I am happy.我才不在乎下不下雨呢,我快活着呢。
adj.烦恼的,为难的,焦虑的
- He was worried about the safety of me.他为我的安全担心。
- He worried his father to buy a new car.他苦苦缠着父亲要买一辆新车。
v.动词do的过去式
- How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
- Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
- I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
- The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
n.结果;效果,作用 vt.产生,招致,完成
- The medicine had a good effect on me.那种药对我有良好功效。
- The drug has had an immediate effect on the patient.此药对病人立刻产生了效果。
n.修理,补救;v.修理,补救,补偿
- We can repair this car.我们可以修理这辆车。
- The road is still under repair.这条路还在修复中。
prep.在…中间,在…之中(三者或三者以上)
- You are only one among many who need help. 你不过是许多需要帮助的人之一。
- He was among the last to leave.他是最后离开者之一。
adv.突然,忽然
- The weather changed suddenly.天气陡变。
- He suddenly cried out at the top of his voice.他声嘶力竭地大叫。
v.动词come的过去式
- I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里,我很惊奇。
- The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
conj.直到(...为止);n.(账台中)放钱的抽屉;prep.直到;pron.直到...为止,直到;vt.耕种
- It was not till 11 o'clock that he came back last night.昨晚直到11点他才回来。
- You can come to my house till all hours.你多晚来我家都没关系。
prep.直到...为止;conj.直到...时才...
- He arrived home until midnight.他直到半夜才到家。
- She didn't sleep until midnight.她直到半夜才睡。
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
- He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
- I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。