时间:2019-02-04 作者:英语课 分类:阅读空间


英语课

   标题是其文章的简要概述,也是文章的重要组成部分,而它展示的也应该是文章中最富有吸引力和最重要的内容,因此它直接影响到读者的兴趣。但是作为报刊的标题,它肯定不能太长,所以通常仅为一个词组或句子,而且其中的单词多采用省略形式,所以给读者造成一定的阅读困难。


  在文体上,一般说来,西方报刊文章的标题有以下几方面的特点:
  简练醒目:由于报刊标题的版面所限,用字必须简短,同时为达到吸引读者的目的,又须十分醒目。
  表意确切:报刊标题的目的是要准确表达文章的主题和观点。为使读者能通过标题在瞬间了解文章的主题与观点,那么标题就必须做到确切达意。
  生动活泼:报刊中的文章大都是对当前经贸领域中事态发展的最新报道,所反映的都是现实生活中的真人真事,所以利用较为生动活泼的标题既能更为真实地反映生活,同时也能起到吸引读者的作用。
  在句法结构上,报刊标题通常具有以下特征:
  1. 省略定冠词the和不定冠词a / an,如:
  Company Expects to Take A Charge in Fourth Period
  公司预计在第四季度向国家申请贷款
  标题中Fourth Period前省略了定冠词the。但是其中Take A Charge为一固定词组,所以a不能省略。
  注意:
  1) 在不定冠词表示"一个"概念时,必须保留。比如:Japan: A Model for What Not to Do 日本:避免不应有失误出现的典范
  2) 当词组a few, a little和a half等在标题中出现时,不定冠词不省略,如:Retiring with a half million? Not bad for a teacher 退休时会拥有50万美元?对一位教师来说已很可观
  2. 除非会造成误解,否则均省略动词形式to be,如:
  Accurate forecasts beneficial to economy 这则标题中forecasts后面省略了系动词to be,即are。
  3. 用现在时表示过去,如:
  Mc Donald's Settles Lawsuit 1 over Burn from Coffee
  麦当劳有限公司了结了一宗由咖啡烫伤而引起的法律诉讼
  4. 用不定式形式表示将来,如:
  American General to Buy Franklin Life for $1.7 Billion
  美国通用公司将以17亿美元收购Franklin Life公司
  有时也可用现在时表示将来,如:
  Jeep Hopes to Be Sedan Producer in Future
  吉普公司可望将来成为轿车生产厂家
  5. 用过去分词表示被动语态,如:
  Cabinda Oil Fields Targeted by Unita
  Cabinda油田遭Unita武装力量袭击
  6. 现在分词用来表示现在进行时,但有时也用于表示将来时,如:
  Honda Pushing Auto 2 Parts Plants in Connecticut
  本田公司正在康涅狄格州加速兴建汽车配件厂
  7. 用逗号,代替连词and,如:
  Shares in Tokyo Fall, Hurt Partly by a Weaker Yen 3
  东京股票下跌,部分由于日元贬值所致
  8. 分号;用以隔开两个句子,表示两层意思,如:
  Stocks Prices End Mixed; Bonds Fall
  股市价格收盘混乱;证券指数下跌
  9. 用冒号:表示所讲的话或所涉及的内容,如:
  Professional Development in TEFL: The Case of Indonesia
  外语教学中的职业化发展:印度尼西亚的范例
  10. 用单引号''代替双引号"",如:
  Surplus Is a 'Time Bomb', EC Warns Japan
  欧共体警告日本:剩余是一枚定时炸弹
  经济发展趋势的理解
  在英美经贸报刊中,关于国际经济贸易发展和预测其发展趋势的文章占据相当大的比重。这些文章除在内容上具有涉及范围广泛的特点外,在文章的表达方式上也具有鲜明的特点。比如,有关国际经贸发展及预测其发展趋势的文章通常涉及各种指数的变化和比较,而这些指数变化的文字表达构成该类文章的一大特点。掌握这些特点,无疑对迅速而准确地理解文章的内容起到十分重要的作用。
  英美经济贸易报刊在描写经济贸易发展趋势时经常要根据过去,目前情况对未来表示预测,如:
  A survey of leading bankers projects that job cuts in the industry will average some 90,000 jobs annually 4 until the year 2000.
  一份由主要银行家提供的调查报告预计,到2000年,工业方面每年将大约削减9万份工作。
  On the other hand, unemployment is expected to rise everywhere, to the highest level known since the Korean war.
  另一方面,失业人数预计会在全球范围内上升,达到朝鲜战争以来的最高水平。
  Moreover, monetary 5 policy cannot ignore fiscal 6 policy. The Fed will probably want to wait and see how much near-term deficit 7 reduction is contained in the 1996 federal budget before sanctioning another drop in rates.
  此外,货币政策不能忽视国家的财政政策。联邦储备委员会很可能在批准利率再度下调之前等待和观望1996年的联邦预算短期赤字削减为多少。
  用于预测未来经济贸易发展趋势的词汇主要有:forecast, project, anticipate, expect, hope, etc.
  对未来的经济与贸易政策和发展趋势所作出的预测,通常有如下三种形式:1) 肯定的(certain);2) 可能性比较大的(probable);3) 只有一般可能性的(possible)。
  1. 表示通货膨胀肯定要上升时的表达方式:
  Inflation will / is bound to / is certain to / is about to / will certainly / will surely / will definitely / will no doubt increase.
  (It is certain that inflation will increase.)
  2. 表示通货膨胀很有可能要上升的表达方式:
  Inflation is likely to / should / would / will probably increase.
  (It is probable that inflation will increase.)
  3. 表示通货膨胀只是一般有可能上升的表达方式:
  Inflation may / will possibly / might / could increase.
  (It is possible that inflation will increase.)
  西方报刊中,表示经济贸易状况及预测未来发展趋势的词汇很多,除以上提到的动词机构外,还有名词、形容词。另外,掌握固定的前置词结构,对准确把握和理解经济贸易发展变化的程度也很有帮助。
  常与百分比搭配使用的固定前置词有:
  to grow / to fall / to increase / to rise / to cut / to go down / to drop by 5%
  to run at a rate of 5%
  to slow down from 10% to 5%
  to increase from a 5% average to a 6% average
  与时间、地点一同搭配的前置词结构有:
  in the last decade
  over the past ten years
  between 1996 and 2006s
  between 2004-2006
  during the last decade
  in 2006
  in 2005-2006
  since 2000
  before the end of the year / decade / century
  the the year 2006
  in USA
  in Europe
  句子段落的衔接
  英美经济贸易报刊文章与其他类型报刊文章除在所涉及的内容和专业词汇上有所不同之外,在句子与段落的连接方法上基本一致。其连接手段可主要归纳为以下四种:上下文句子间内容的内在联系;替代;省略和采用连接词。
  1. 上下文句子间内容的内在联系:
  例:So far, the national trends in costs for wages, salaries, and benefits have glossed 8 over these concerns. The growth in labor 9 costs continued to slow in the second quarter – a pattern that held true in all major regions. However, the slowdown in labor costs is due to solely 10 to sharp cutbacks in what companies, mainly large corporations, are paying for benefits, which make up about a fourth of total compensation costs nationally. Because of slower growth in costs of health care, workers' compensation, and state unemployment insurance, benefits grew only 2.6% during the past year, the lowest pace in record.
  在这一段落中,作者用了五个cost。虽然每一句中的cost未必是前一句中同一词的简单重复,但都与labor cost 相吻合,使整个段落所表达的内容连贯地表述出来。第一句和第二句提出劳工费用问题,第三句提出原因,最后一句阐述了劳工费用增加所生产的后果,意思层层加深,彼此相衔接。
  2. 替代
  例:But since few have marked down their own prices in line with the metal's fall, they will be able to recoup much of the differences. Not so the producers, whose income is directly related to the fluctuating daily price on the London Metal Exchange.
  但由于迄今没有几家公司按照金属价格的下跌程度来降低其价格,他们将能够获得差价的大部分收益。但是生产商家却不是这样,他们的收入与伦敦金属交易所的每月浮动价格直接相关。
  这里so代替了to recoup much of the difference.
  3. 省略
  例:The Japanese have their electronics, the Germans their engineering. But when it comes to command of global markets, the U.S. owns the service sector 11.
  日本人占有电器市场,德国人占有工程市场。但谈及全球市场的占有量时,美国拥有服务市场。
  第一句the Germans后面省略了have一词。
  例:Meanwhile, pressure has been growing from the car companies. GM ships about 60% of its cars and trucks with Ryder, while Chrysler ships some 40%.
  与此同时,汽车公司方面的压力在不断增大。通用公司60%的轿车和卡车由莱德公司拖运,而克莱斯勒公司也需该公司拖运其40%的车辆。
  最后一句结尾some 40% 后面省略了of its cars and trucks.
  4. 连接词
  介词和副词常在句子和段落间起衔接作用,把句子和段落间的意思连贯地表述出来。西方经贸报刊中用于承上启下的连接词可表示对比,如:but, however, whereas等;表示原因,如:since, because, due to等;表示结果,如:with;表示目的,如:so that, in order to等;表示时间发展的先后顺序,如:first, second, next, then等,以及表示情况的内在联系,如:and, as well as, in the case等。
  例:Still, August's strong output gains don't look sustainable.First of all, current modest demand growth will not support any more increase that large. Second, now that manufacturers have worked to get their inventories 12 lower, they will be cautious about adding goods in coming months.
  而8月份强劲的生产量增长趋势不会持续下去。首先,目前较小的需求增长不需要如此大的生产增长额。此外,既然生产企业已经设法去压低其库存量,所以他们对今后几个月增加生产一事持谨慎态度。

n.诉讼,控诉
  • They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
  • He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。
n.(=automobile)(口语)汽车
  • Don't park your auto here.别把你的汽车停在这儿。
  • The auto industry has brought many people to Detroit.汽车工业把许多人吸引到了底特律。
n. 日元;热望
  • He wanted to convert his dollars into Japanese yen.他想将美元换成日币。
  • He has a yen to be alone in a boat.他渴望独自呆在一条船上。
adv.一年一次,每年
  • Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
  • They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。
adj.货币的,钱的;通货的;金融的;财政的
  • The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
  • Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。
adj.财政的,会计的,国库的,国库岁入的
  • The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
  • The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。
n.亏空,亏损;赤字,逆差
  • The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
  • We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。
v.注解( gloss的过去式和过去分词 );掩饰(错误);粉饰;把…搪塞过去
  • The manager glossed over the team's recent defeat. 经理对这个队最近的失败闪烁其词。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He glossed over his selfishness with a display of generosity. 他以慷慨大方的假象掩饰他的自私。 来自互联网
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
adv.仅仅,唯一地
  • Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。
  • The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.这座城市几乎完全靠旅游业维持。
n.部门,部分;防御地段,防区;扇形
  • The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
  • The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。
n.总结( inventory的名词复数 );细账;存货清单(或财产目录)的编制
  • In other cases, such as inventories, inputs and outputs are both continuous. 在另一些情况下,比如存货,其投入和产出都是持续不断的。
  • The store must clear its winter inventories by April 1st. 该店必须在4月1日前售清冬季存货。
标签: 商务报刊
学英语单词
absolute gain of an anfenna
antibody valence
ASTRING
atypicalities
baby blue eyes
battery check card holder
Belcher Is.
bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride
bowleses
bubulcuss
cableway
Calamus guangxiensis
calyptraea sakaguchi
campus network
carbamylate
cascade mechanism
catatricrotism
chemical injuring
cleanup of radioactivity
closed drainage
closed-coupled pump
complex periodontontitis
compound sintered compact
consignment profit
convergency tendency
cryptocrystal
desmoncus
doctoral dissertation
dysanagnosia
economic regime
El-Bethel
eliminating damp
Endomycetoideae
episperm
European Parliaments
extraarid desert
family Cervidae
fighting fund
fire prevention apparatus
flange body
flat-plate drag
gone over
ha-tagged
Heteropolygonatum xui
Howladar
hypothermesthesia
Ifop
infl
intermediate stop valve
junior management
leiopelmas
Leroux's method
lewandowskis
lower fronto-orbital bristle
magnitude distorsion
malleable detachable chain
manganostibite
mantologist
mayancha
mediocritize
mesorhaga stylata
mini-cup
mirarchi
mobility
mofaz
monolithic system
outofstraight
pictorial data
pneumomelanosis
polyphasers
primary gyratory crusher
proof of analog results
qalat
quarry face of stone
quick acting mechanism
rachi(o)tomy
radiopharmaceuticals
rah-rah skirt,ra-ra skirt
rate of creep
red sanders (wood )
rolazote
rth absolute moment
rubber oil
sender event description
sense-spectrums
sensorimotor
series-chain model
Severo Ochoa
shabrack
spiritual needs
spiroma
strip-cutting forest
sulfurian
typewriter ribbon ink
value simulation
vernier method
Veronica serpyllifolia
vortex sink
wisch
yarn assorting balance
yuck
zellner's paper