VOA常速英语2013--阿富汗总统推迟与美国签订合约

Afghan President Delays Signing of Deal with US 阿富汗总统推迟与美国签订合约

KABUL — In an historic decision, Afghanistan’s assembly of tribal 1 and community elders, the Loya Jirga, overall approved a multi-page Bilateral 2 Security Agreement with the United States.  But it is still unclear when the deal will be signed.

喀布尔---在一次历史上著名的决定中，阿富汗部落和社区长老的集会，也就是国民会议，通过了一个与美国的多页双边安全协议。但是协议何时签订仍然不清楚。

Afghan President Hamid Karzai accepted the decision by 2,500 tribal and community leaders to approve the security deal. But in a 45-minute speech Sunday, the Afghan leader held fast to his decision to not sign the agreement right away, saying he first wanted to see peace and security in the country as well as free and fair presidential elections in 2014.

阿富汗总统哈米德卡尔扎伊接受并批准了这个安全协议，这个协议是由2500个部落和社区领导通过的。然而，在周日一个45分钟的演说中，阿富汗领导人坚持他的决定，不会马上签署这个协议，他说他想先看到国家的和平和安全，还有2014年总统选举的自由公平。

“Peace is our condition with America.  America should bring peace to us. I know if they stand with us honestly, it will happen," he said.

“和平时我们与美国签订合约的条件。美国应该为我们带来和平。我知道如果他们忠实的支持我们，这将会发生。”他说。

President Karzai also stipulated 3 there could be no more U.S. military raids on Afghan homes.

总统卡尔扎伊还规定阿富汗国内不应该再有更多的美国军事袭击。

U.S. officials have rejected a delay, saying they would not be able to form long-term plans on a troop presence without an agreement in place by the end of this year.  U.S.-led international combat forces in Afghanistan are set to withdraw by the end of next year.

美国有关官员说他们拒绝协议的推迟签订，他们说今年年底如果没有达成共识，他们不会制定军事进驻的长期计划。以美国为首的国际作战部队计划于明年年底撤出阿富汗。

The Afghan leader’s decision ran directly counter to the call by the head of the Loya Jirga, former president Sibghatullah Mojaddedi that he sign the pact 4 before the end of the year.

阿富汗领导人的决定直接违背了国民会议负责人，前总统加拉图穆贾迪迪的呼吁---在年底之前签署协议。

Washington also has insisted the agreement should be signed before 2014.  The political brinkmanship between Karzai and Washington has marked their rocky relationship for the past eight years of his presidency 5.

美国政府坚持认为该协议应该在2014年之前签署。卡尔扎伊和华盛顿之间的政治边缘政策标志着在他任总统八年期间的不稳定的关系。

Analyst 6 Idriss Rahmani of AIR Consulting in Kabul said Karzai is trying to mitigate 7 the risks to himself and his clan 8 for having made a deal with foreign forces, and he is willing to delay signing until he gets some assurances.

喀布尔的分析家伊德里斯拉赫曼说卡尔扎伊试着利用与国外力量签订协议来减低对自己和党派的风险，如果没有得到一些保证，他是不会签订协议的。

“He is basically asking for political assurance post-2014," Rahmani said.  "I think he’s asking Americans that 'I want to see a political system post 2014 that is friendly to me and friendly to my political allies."

“他主要是想在2014年之前寻求一些政治上的保证，”拉赫曼说，“我认为他跟美国要求2014年之前看到一个政治系统，这个系统要对他自己和他的政治盟友有利。“

To that end, Rahmani says, the Afghan leader has pushed the Americans to end the Taliban insurgency 9 through negotiating a peace settlement, and called the Loya Jirga to ensure the responsibility for allowing U.S. forces to remain is spread as widely as possible.

最后，拉赫曼说，阿富汗领导人已经通过谈判和平解决，促使美国结束塔利班武装分子，并且呼吁国民会议确保美军剩余势力的尽可能蔓延。

The 10-year deal would allow a limited number of U.S. troops and U.S. defense 10 personnel to remain in bases across the country.  Their main missions will be to train, equip and assist the emerging Afghan security forces, and prevent al-Qaida and related terrorist networks from using the country as a base.

这个十年的协定将会允许一部分美国军队和美国防御人员仍然留在阿富汗的基地。他们的主要任务是训练，装备和协助新兴的阿富汗安全部队，并且防止基地组织及其相关的恐怖网络使用该国的基地。

On the wintry streets of Kabul, Hajighulam Sakhi says he agreed with the Loya Jirga’s decision, “We are happy with the decision of the Loya Jirga to approve the BSA [Bilateral Security Agreement].  It will benefit the nation and we welcome it.”

在喀布尔寒冷的街道上，哈吉胡拉姆萨基说他同意国民会议的决定，“我们对国民会议同意签署双边安全协定的决定很高兴。这将会有益于我们国家，我们赞成这个协议。”

The meeting took place in central Kabul under heavy security.  Several days before it opened a bomb exploded  500 meters from the venue 11.  It was an acute reminder 12 of the insecurity that still wracks the country after 12 years.  Afghan intelligence agencies said Sunday they had prevented additional attacks, and had seized quantities of ammunition 13 and suicide bombers 14 moving in Kabul.  They did not give further details.

这个会议在喀布尔中心举行，并且采取了严格的安全措施。大会举行的前几天在距会议举行地点五百米的地方发生了一起爆炸事件。这是一个严重的安全警告，十二年后不安全因素依然困扰着这个国家。阿富汗的情报机构说周日他们还阻止了其它几起爆炸事件的发生，并且在喀布尔缴获了大量的弹药和自杀式炸弹。但是阿门并没有提供更多的细节。

Speaking to the gathered leaders, Karzai pointed 15 out the benefits of the security deal, while threatening to call the whole thing off if U.S. raids of Afghan homes continued.  The raids have been deeply unpopular with Afghans, and the new security pact states such raids will only happen under emergency conditions when the life or limb of an American is at risk.

说道聚集起来的领导人，卡尔扎伊指出了这个安全协议的益处，同时还威胁说如果美国的空袭仍然继续，整个事情就完了。美国的空袭已经遭到了阿富汗人民的深深的不满，并且新的安全协议里说类似的空袭只会发生美国人民生命受到威胁时的紧急状况下。

Kate Clark with the Afghanistan Analysts 16 Network says this kind of speech is vintage Karzai.

凯特克拉克在阿富汗分析师网络中说这种形式是老式的卡尔扎伊式。

“He has to present Afghanistan as the senior player in this relationship, as Afghanistan not only benefiting. but also sort of, yes, you know, allowing the foreigners to help,” she said.

“他不得不在这种关系中装作阿富汗人民处于优势，因为这不仅有益于阿富汗，并且还允许接受外国的帮助。”他说。

Clark says the security deal, and the roughly $8 billion a year that comes with it to pay Afghan security forces and strengthen civilian 17 institutions, are crucial to Afghanistan's future.  "You do not want men with arms not being paid, that is very, very dangerous.  So, that’s one thing," she says.

克拉克说这个安全协议和随之而来的每年八十亿美元对阿富汗的未来很不利，这八十亿美元用来支持阿富汗安全部队和加强民间机构的力量。他还说：“你不希望士兵没有工资，那是非常危险的，因此，这就是其中的一项。”

"The second thing is that the NATO mission is dependent on the American mission.  If there is no BSA, there is no NATO training mission, and that’s partly political, but partly just practical: the need the American medevacing, air support, logistics and so on.”

“第二，北约的使命依赖于美国的使命。如果没有双边安全协定，就没有北约的训练使命。这有一部分政治因素：对美国媒体，空军，后勤和其它方面的需要。”

The Jirga members also delivered a list of 31 recommended amendments 18 to the security document.  The amendments included: the release of all 19 Afghan prisoners from Guantanamo; banning the United States from using communications in Afghanistan to spy on Afghans; and and barring U.S. use of Afghan soil for operations against Afghanistan's neighbors.

国民会议成员还通过了31条安全协定的修正案。这些修正案包括：释放关塔那摩中的119名阿富汗罪犯；禁止每股使用美国通讯监视阿富汗人民；禁止美国使用阿富汗的领土对阿富汗领过进行操作。

Afghanistan is bordered by Iran and Pakistan, as well as China and Central Asia.

阿富汗与伊朗、巴基斯坦、中国和中亚接壤。

Rahmani says the amendments may give Karzai the space to try to negotiate further with Washington, and delay the signing process until after the elections.  The Americans, he says, "will have to figure out how much they can digest, how much they can consume."

罗曼尼说这些修正案可能会给卡尔瓦伊空间去跟美国政府更进一步的谈判，将协议的签署推迟到选举之后。他说，美国需要弄清楚他们消化了多少，消耗了多少。

If accepted and signed by Kabul and Washington, the security agreement would come into effect January 1, 2015, after the final departure of all international combat forces from Afghanistan. 

如果这些被接受，阿富汗政府与美国政府签署了这个安全协议，这个协议将会于2015年1月1日生效，等到所有的国际作战部队在阿富汗撤兵后。