SCIENCE IN THE NEWS #2130 - Digest

18 科技新闻摘要（七）

DATE=6-26-01
TITLE=SCIENCE IN THE NEWS #2130 - Digest
 BYLINE=Staff

VOICE ONE:
This is Sarah Long.
VOICE TWO:
And this is Bob Doughty 1 with Science in the News, a VOA Special English program about recent developments in science.  Today, we tell about the discovery of (1) remains 2 of the second largest (2) dinosaur 3 ever found.  We tell about developments that are influencing the world's future.  We tell about ways to delay the disease (3) diabetes 4. And we tell about the (4) intelligence of (5) dolphins. 
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
Scientists working in the Sahara Desert of Egypt have found remains of a huge ancient creature never before discovered. They say the creature appears to be the second largest dinosaur ever found.  The scientists believe the dinosaur lived ninety-four-million years ago.  They say it was up to thirty meters long.  And they believe it weighed up to sixty-three tons.
Joshua Smith of the (6) University of Pennsylvania in (7) Philadelphia led the team of scientists.  Science magazine reported their discovery.
The scientists found the remains near the Bahariya Oasis 5, about three-hundred kilometers southwest of (8) Cairo, Egypt.  The scientists named the creature Paralititan stromeri.  The name Paralititan means "(9) tidal giant."  The name stromeri honors the famous German scientist Ernst Stromer.  
VOICE TWO:
Mister Stromer discovered a large number of dinosaur remains in Bahariya in the early Nineteen-Hundreds.  He sent the (10) fossils 7 to a museum in (11) Munich, Germany. However, most of the bones were destroyed by the (12) Allied 8 (13) bombing during World War Two.
The University of Pennsylvania team began working in the Bahariya area two years ago.  The scientists say Paralititan (14) represents a new kind of titanosaurid.  This was a group of dinosaurs 9 that had long necks and long tails.  They ate plants.  The scientists (15) estimated the size of Paralititan from several bones of the (16) upper arm, shoulder and back.  They say Paralititan appears to be similar to Argentinosaurus, the biggest dinosaur ever found.  Argentinosaurus was a titanosaurid from South America.  Mister Smith said a common (17) ancestor might have moved from one continent to another when South America and Africa were united in a single land mass. 
VOICE ONE:
The scientists say their discovery will help to answer questions about Africa during what is known as the late (18) Cretaceous period in Earth's history.
Ninety-million years ago, the (19) Sahara Desert was very different than it is today.  Scientists say the area was a large wetland with many plants. Along with Paralititan, the scientists found the remains of many other ancient creatures. These include other dinosaurs, fish and crabs 10.  Some of these creatures were huge.  The scientists say the area had to produce a huge amount of plants to support such creatures.
In the past two years at Bahariya, the scientists have discovered remains of about fifty kinds of animals.  They have collected more than seven-hundred plant fossils. Scientists in the American city of Philadelphia are now studying and cleaning the fossils before returning them to Egypt.  
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
A new study has found that people around the world are getting fatter, using more medicines, and driving their cars farther.  The Worldwatch Institute published the report last month.  It is called "(20) Vital Signs Two-Thousand-One."  The study measures developments that are influencing the future of the world. 
Michael Renner is the (21) director of the study.  He says many people in the world today are still too poor to make choices about how to live.  However, people in developing countries who are gaining wealth act much like people in industrial countries.  He says they are eating more meat, drinking more coffee, getting fatter and smoking more (22) cigarettes. 
VOICE ONE:
The researchers also found that more people depend on cars for (23) transportation. This is producing more pollution. People also are getting less exercise because they are driving more.The report says ninety percent of the energy used in industry around the world comes from fossil 6 fuels, such as coal. When they are burned, fossil fuels produce pollution. The Worldwatch Institute says clean energy supplies, like wind, need to be used more.  However, the study says that wind power is only one percent of the energy used in the world.
The report says the demand for meat is also increasing around the world. It says the growing number of farm animals has created a (24) threat to soil, air and water quality.  Also, farmers are now giving (25) antibiotic 11 medicines to farm animals.  This may be (26) reducing the (27) effectiveness of these drugs in humans.  
VOICE TWO:
Mister Renner says that making medicines is one of the most (28) profitable 12 and fastest-growing industries in the world.  However, he says drug companies are failing to improve the health of much of the world's population. 
For example, the top selling drugs treat conditions like high blood pressure, heart disease and weight problems.  These diseases mostly affect people in industrial countries.  He says the drug companies should be creating better treatments to fight diseases in developing countries, such as (29) malaria 13.  
Mister Renner says the report shows that the choices people make can either sicken or save the Earth.  He says these choices will decide the quality of our lives and our children's lives in the new century. 
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE ONE:
Medical researchers say people can make changes in their lives that can delay the development of the disease diabetes.  People with diabetes have high levels of the sugar called (30) glucose 14 in their blood.  Glucose levels increase when the body lacks or cannot use the (31) hormone 15 (32) insulin. Diabetes damages blood (33) vessels 16.  It injures the (34) kidneys 17, eyes and nerves.  It stops blood flow to the feet and legs.  And it increases the chances of heart disease and strokes.
There are two kinds of diabetes. Type One develops in children or young adults.  Type Two develops in older adults. The new study (35) involved Type Two diabetes. Medical researchers say more people are developing Type Two diabetes because of a lack of physical activity and an increase in weight.
VOICE TWO:
Researchers at the Diabetes Prevention Study Group in (36) Finland wanted to see if changes in people's lives could affect their development of the disease. 
Their study involved more than five-hundred men and women in Finland. Their average age was fifty-five. They had a higher than normal chance of developing diabetes.  About half the people met with a medical expert who helped them eat healthier foods and increase their physical activity.  The other half received only general information about such changes.
The researchers tested the people each year for diabetes.  The researchers said the risk of developing diabetes was fifty-eight percent lower in the group that ate healthier foods and exercised more. 
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE ONE:
Many people believe that dolphins are among the smartest animals on Earth.  Dolphins are warm-blooded sea animals. Recently, scientists discovered that dolphins could do something that humans can do.  They say dolphins can recognize themselves in a mirror, a shiny piece of glass.   
Scientists Diana Reiss and Lori Marino discovered this special skill.  They did separate studies with two (37) bottlenose dolphins at the New York (38) Aquarium 18 in Brooklyn, New York.  Mizz Reiss and Mizz Marino say that dolphins have a level of self-knowledge because they are able to recognize themselves in mirrors.  This level of self-knowledge has been identified only in humans and one other kind of animal - the great (39) apes. 
VOICE TWO:
 The two researchers discovered this by using a test created thirty years ago by scientist Gordon Gallop 19.  Mister Gallop placed a mark on animals.  He found that when animals study the mark in a mirror, they show signs of self-recognition. 
Mizz Reiss and Mizz Marino tested the two dolphins many times. Each dolphin repeatedly swam to the mirror to inspect the place where it had been marked.  Mizz Reiss says that most animals either refuse to look at a mirror.  Or they react (40) aggressively as if the (41) image were another animal.
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS program was written by George Grow, Jill Moss 20 and Nancy Steinbach. It was produced by Caty Weaver 21.   This is Sarah Long.
VOICE TWO:
And this is Bob Doughty.  Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.

(1) remains [rI5meIns] n.残余, 遗迹, 遗体
(2) dinosaur [ 5dainEsC: ] n.恐龙
(3) diabetes [ 7daiE5bi:ti:z ] n.[医] 糖尿病, 多尿症
(4) intelligence [ in5telidVEns ] n.智力, 聪明, 智能
(5) dolphin [ 5dClfin ] n.海豚
(6) University of Pennsylvania n.宾夕法尼亚大学
(7) Philadelphia [ 7filE5delfjE ] n.费城
(8) Cairo [ 5kaiErEu ] n.开罗(埃及首都)
(9) tidal [ 5taidl ] adj.潮汐的, 定时涨落的
(10) fossil [ 5fCsl ] n.化石, 僵化的事物 adj.化石的, 陈腐的, 守旧的
(11) Munich [ 5mju:nik ] n.慕尼黑(德国城市,巴伐利亚州首府)
(12) allied [ E5laid75Alaid ] adj.联合的, 同盟的, 与...同属一系 v.联合
(13) bombing [ 5bCmiN ] 轰炸, 投弹
(14) represent [ 7ri:pri5zent ] vt.表现, 描绘, 声称, 象征, 扮演, 回忆, 再赠送, 再上演 vi.提出异议
(15) estimate [ 5estimeit ] v.估计, 估价, 评估 n.估计, 估价, 评估
(16) upper [ 5QpE ] adj.上面的, 上部的
(17) ancestor [ 5AnsistE ] n.祖先, 祖宗
(18) Cretaceous adj.〈地〉白垩纪的
(19) Sahara [ sE5hB:rE ] n.撒哈拉沙漠(非洲北部大沙漠), 荒野
(20) vital [ 5vaitl ] adj.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的
(21) director [ di5rektE ] n.主任, 主管, 导演, (机关)首长, (团体)理事, (公司)董事, 指挥仪, 控制器
(22) cigarette [ si^E5ret ] n.香烟, 纸烟
(23) transportation [ 7trAnspC:5teiFEn ] n.运输, 运送
(24) threat [ Wret ] n.恐吓, 凶兆, 威胁
(25) antibiotic [ 7Antibai5Ctik ] n.抗生素 adj.抗生的
(26) reducing [ ri5dju:siN ] n.减轻体重法
(27) effectiveness [ i5fektivnis ] n.效力
(28) profitable adj.有利可图的
(29) malaria [ mE5lZEriE ] n.疟疾, 瘴气
(30) glucose [ 5^lu:kEus ] n.葡萄糖
(31) hormone [ 5hC:mEun ] n.荷尔蒙, 激素
(32) insulin [ 5insjulin ] n.胰岛素
(33) vessel [ 5vesl ] n.船, 容器, 器皿, 脉管, 导管
(34) kidney [ 5kidni ] n.肾
(35) involve [ in5vClv ] vt.包括, 笼罩, 潜心于, 使陷于
(36) Finland [ 5finlEnd ] n.芬兰[欧洲]
(37) bottlenose [`bCtlnEJz] n.[动]宽吻海豚
(38) aquarium [ E5kwZEriEm ] n.水族馆
(39) ape [ eip ] n.猿
(40) aggressively adv.侵略地, 攻势地
(41) image [ 5imidV ] n.图象, 肖像, 偶像vt.想象, 作...的像, 反映, 象征