时间:2019-01-28 作者:英语课 分类:阅读空间


英语课

   为了方便广大考生更好的复习,帮考网综合整理了英语口译笔译考试之common law的翻译,以供各位考生考试复习参考,希望对考生复习有所帮助。


  提到“English law”我们就会条件反射,联想到“common law”这个概念,甚至把两者误解为同一概念。其实,“English law”是“English law ”,“common law”是“common law”,“English common law”又是“English common law”。
  汉语中,人们往往把“common law”说成是“普通法”、“习惯法”、“不成文法”、“判例法”,甚至有时在一定上下文中被当作了“事实上”的代名词——如:“common law marriage”就被说成是“事实婚姻”:“common law wife”便被说成是“事实上的妻子”。严格说,上述种种说法大多是人们对“common law”的——种诠释(“interpretation”),而不是什么翻译(“translation”)。其中可算作翻译的,唯“普通法”而已。
  “common law”之译为“普通法”,似已“约定俗成”了,但是是否确切呢?在其尚未在广大读者间“约定俗成”前,尚不无商讨之实际意义。
  形容词“common”具有:“共同的”、“普通的”、“粗俗的”、“低劣的”、“(数)共通的”、“(语)通(性)的”与“通(俗)的”等七类释义。按此,则“common law”之译作“普通法”,是于词典有据的了。但是,词典上不是有七类释义吗?此处译作“普通法”,采用的显然是第二类释义。然则,这样取义对不对呢?能不能另取他义,比如说取第一类释义而译作“共同法”呢?为什么“Common Market”译作“共同市场”,而不译作“普通市场”呢?
  这就牵扯到一个翻译上“具体词义具体确定——具体词语具体翻译”的原则了。说得更明确一些:“common”一词在“common law”这一合成词中的具体涵义是什么?是“普通”还是“共同”?请看下列引文便知分晓:
  1.
  ……the common law has in itself a number of historical sources which were, prior to Conquest, embodied 1 in local custom. The unique contribution of the Norman Conquest, was to unify 2 these local customs into one system of law common to all men, for this reason termed the “common law”。
  ——Walker & Walker, The English Legal system, London l976, The English Legal system, London l976, p.3
  2.
  The common law is so called because it was commonly applied 3 throughout the kingdom of England.
  ——You and the Law, Reader’s Digest Association, Inc.,
  由此可见,英国的“common law”是以其区别于前英国各地各种各样不统一的习惯而使之统一为在全国各地共同适用为其特征的,故汉语译之为“普通法”显然不如“共同法”之切合原意——哪怕译成“普遍法”也许也要比“普通法”略胜一筹吧。
  以“普通法”译“common law”的另一个严重缺点,则在于其易滋歧义——“普通法”可以被误解为另一法学概念“特别法”的对立概念。 由此得出的体会是:
  甲。 法律翻译工作要求译者不但是精通语言的,而且也是精通比较法学的;
  乙。 约定俗成只是翻译诸规律之一而千万不能捧之为翻译的最高原则,更不能容忍它成为在翻译中实事求是、尊重科学、服从真理、从善如流的绊脚石。

v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 );象征;包括;包含
  • a politician who embodied the hopes of black youth 代表黑人青年希望的政治家
  • The heroic deeds of him embodied the glorious tradition of the troops. 他的英雄事迹体现了军队的光荣传统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
vt.使联合,统一;使相同,使一致
  • How can we unify such scattered islands into a nation?我们怎么才能把如此分散的岛屿统一成一个国家呢?
  • It is difficult to imagine how the North and South could ever agree on a formula to unify the divided peninsula.很难想象南北双方在统一半岛的方案上究竟怎样才能达成一致。
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
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