时间:2018-12-03 作者:英语课 分类:初学者听力文摘精选


英语课

Yael: I just read about an exciting technique. Researchers found a way to convert types A and B blood into type O blood--the type that can be transfused 1 into any patient. This advance could help avoid blood shortages in the future.



Don: Wow, that is exciting. But what makes type O blood so special?



Y: Blood types result from different carbohydrates 2, called antigens, on the surface of human blood cells. Your blood "type" denotes the kinds of antigens you have on the surface of your cells. People with type A blood have A antigens; those with type B have B antigens. If you have both kinds of antigens, you're type AB; if you have neither one, you're type O.



Your immune system recognizes the antigens on your blood as "self", but attack cells with "foreign" antigens. So if you ever need a blood transfusion 3, it's important that you only receive blood compatible with your own type.



D: I see. So if a type A person receives type B or AB blood, her immune system will see the B-antigens as foreign, and attack the donor 4 blood cells?



Y: Exactly. But type O is called the "universal donor" since it doesn't have any antigens that would set off the body's defense 5 system.



A team of Danish scientists has identified enzymes 6 that remove the A and B antigens from blood cells. The enzymes, which were extracted from a bacteria and a fungus 7, essentially 8 change any donated blood into type O.



Clinical trials are underway to test whether the treated blood is safe and effective. If so, the technology could help save lives, since type O blood is such a precious commodity.



1 transfused
v.输(血或别的液体)( transfuse的过去式和过去分词 );渗透;使…被灌输或传达
  • He transfused his own courage into his men. 他用自己的勇气鼓舞了士兵。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • The professor transfused his enthusiasm for research into his students. 教授把自己的研究热忱移注给学生。 来自辞典例句
2 carbohydrates
n.碳水化合物,糖类( carbohydrate的名词复数 );淀粉质或糖类食物
  • The plant uses the carbohydrates to make cellulose. 植物用碳水化合物制造纤维素。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • All carbohydrates originate from plants. 所有的碳水化合物均来自植物。 来自辞典例句
3 transfusion
n.输血,输液
  • She soon came to her senses after a blood transfusion.输血后不久她就苏醒了。
  • The doctor kept him alive by a blood transfusion.医生靠输血使他仍然活着。
4 donor
n.捐献者;赠送人;(组织、器官等的)供体
  • In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下,接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
  • The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。
5 defense
n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩
  • The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
6 enzymes
n. 酶,酵素
  • It was said that washing powders containing enzymes remove stains more efficiently. 据说加酶洗衣粉除污更有效。
  • Among the enzymes which are particularly effective are pepsin, papain. 在酶当中特别有效的是胃朊酶、木瓜酶。
7 fungus
n.真菌,真菌类植物
  • Mushrooms are a type of fungus.蘑菇是一种真菌。
  • This fungus can just be detected by the unaided eye.这种真菌只用肉眼就能检查出。
8 essentially
adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
  • Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
  • She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
学英语单词
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accelerated application valve portion
acromial network
affiliating
alarm window
any old thing
asynchronous gyro motor
asynchronous transfer
ballistic laser holographic system
big amount
bobbin support bolt
bromononane
bypass capacitors
canalboat
chaetomium gangligerum
climate engineering
clitocybe dealbatas
coastal industry
coaxial termination
crabwisest
cross rafter
cull-tie
cyclic-inscriptable
derats
detecton
dichlorodimethylhydantoin
DILFs
direct (out-of-pocket) expenses
Discount Note
dryosaurids
duboy's bed load equation
dyf-
ecosystem type
exfoliant
file detail
forward multiple
fracture by crushing off
frim fram
given horse power
gospellers
haddam
havelis
high bars
high speed vertical miller
Hokinson, Helen
hydrothermal vent community
immediate device control block
immunostainer
information-theories
iridomalacia
isoalloxazine
local pressure gradient
local-governments
Metapan
MHHW
Mihla
naifer
neckweed
nickel-iron core
nodi lymphatici bronchopulmonales
non contractual liability
non-uniform rotor blade
over square
over the mark
palm push fit
paralecanium expansum expansum
paulingite
positive infinite product
postscripts
Power-efficiency
privilege of parliament
productive energy of feed
pulp magazine
pulseconverter
reexhumations
regio palpebralis superior
rhacomitrium dicarpum broth
sachemship
Salamīyah
save one's carcass
scleroma
scrawl
self-assembling
shipbuilder's computing center
social-development
soil erosion prediction model
spinnah
steel-cored aluminum cable
straight muscle of abdomen
symmetrical minor
terzic
theory of categories
thermal measurement
Thornton Dale
Turkey opium
tuzzle
venae scrotales
Vichy water
war horse
waspless
widowhoods
will ye , nill I