英文书摘精选 昆虫是如何对抗细菌和寄生虫的?
时间：2018-12-28 作者：英语课 分类：初学者听力文摘精选
Imagine that you’re an insect, and that you’ve fallen ill because some bacteria or parasites 1 have invaded your body. If you want to make it to a ripe old bug 2 age, your body will need to fight off these invaders 4.
想象一下，假如你是一只小昆虫，因为某些细菌或寄生虫侵入你的身体导致你生病了。假如你想要寿终正寝的话，那么，你的身体就需要对抗这些外来的入侵者了。
Invaders
入侵者
The problem is that if you’re a bug, your life span may be only a few days long. This means that unlike humans, you simply don’t have the time to lounge around in bed, watching TV and waiting for your body to figure out how to fight off each disease it encounters.
问题在于，假如你是一只小虫，你的存活寿命可能仅几天长。这就意味着你不能像人类一样，还有足够的时间在床上躺着，看看电视，然后看看你的身体是否能抵御并击败这些遇到的疾病。
Still, there’s no reason for your insect self to panic. Evolution has provided you with what scientists call innate 5 immunity 6, which you inherit from your parents. Innate immunity means that your bug body has the capability 7 to instantly recognize and destroy many dangerous intruders.
但是，作为一只小虫，你也没必要为此恐慌或担忧。大自然的进化过程已使你获得科学家们所谓的“先天免疫”能力-这是你从父母那里遗传而来的。先天免疫可以使得你作为昆虫的身体有足够的能力在最短时间内发现并且摧毁这些危险的入侵者们。
Here’s How Innate Immunity Works
接下来是先天免疫系统如何发挥作用
In your bug body there is a fluid called hemolymph, which is equivalent to human blood. If you’re injured, components 8 in the hemolymph interact with specialized 9 cells in your immune system to clot 10 and form a scab that seals off your wound and prevents infection. The hemolymph also contains proteins that are ready to kill invaders like bacteria or fungi 11. However, some invaders, like tiny parasitic 12 insects, may be too large for the proteins to handle.
在昆虫身体里有一种液体被称为血淋巴，它和人类的血液发挥着相同的作用。当你受伤时，血淋巴里面的某种成分开始与你的免疫系统中某些特殊细胞进行相互作用，从而使得伤口处开始凝结并结痂，并使伤口与外界环境相隔离以避免感染。而且，在血淋巴中还包含某些蛋白质可以有效杀灭这些入侵者，比如细菌或真菌。当然，也有某些入侵者比如小寄生昆虫由于体积较大，蛋白质对它们的杀灭能力还远远不够。
In this case, your body encapsulates the invader 3 and walls it off from the rest of the body. The encapsulated invader then stays inside you for the rest of your natural bug life, or until you fly into a windshield, whichever comes first.
在这个案例中，你的身体中封装了入侵者，并与身体其他部分隔开。这个被封装的小小入侵者会与你一起度过余生，又或者可能与你撞上挡风玻璃一起身亡，就看哪一种情况先发生了。
- These symptoms may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites. 这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的，而与寄生虫无关。
- Kangaroos harbor a vast range of parasites. 袋鼠身上有各种各样的寄生虫。
- There is a bug in the system.系统出了故障。
- The bird caught a bug on the fly.那鸟在飞行中捉住了一只昆虫。
- They suffered a lot under the invader's heel.在侵略者的铁蹄下，他们受尽了奴役。
- A country must have the will to repel any invader.一个国家得有决心击退任何入侵者。
- They prepared to repel the invaders. 他们准备赶走侵略军。
- The family has traced its ancestry to the Norman invaders. 这个家族将自己的世系追溯到诺曼征服者。
- You obviously have an innate talent for music.你显然有天生的音乐才能。
- Correct ideas are not innate in the mind.人的正确思想不是自己头脑中固有的。
- The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
- He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。
- She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
- Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。
- the components of a machine 机器部件
- Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。
- There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
- These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。
- Platelets are one of the components required to make blood clot.血小板是血液凝固的必须成分之一。
- The patient's blood refused to clot.病人的血液无法凝结。