时间:2019-01-20 作者:英语课 分类:2017年科学美国人(五)月


英语课

Eat Slowly and Breathe Smoothly 1 to Enhance Taste 慢慢吃 不着急哦


Ever lose your ability to taste during a cold, because your nose is stuffed up? That’s because the nose is intimately involved with taste. When you chew, volatile 2 flavor compounds from the food get lofted 3 toward the back of your mouth. And when you exhale 4 you carry some of those flavor compounds up into your nasal cavity, where they hit olfactory 5 receptors.


有没有过这样的经历?感冒时,因为鼻子阻塞,品尝起东西来,索然无味?那是因为鼻子和味觉有着紧密的联系。当你在咀嚼食物时,食物中蕴含的芬香化合物落在嘴中。在吸气时,一些芬香的气味就会进入你的鼻腔,刺激嗅觉受体。


"As children we basically learn, the first lesson of table manners is to keep the mouth closed while chewing, and you also want to breathe smoothly." Rui Ni, a mechanical engineer at Penn State. "I think not only because it's courteous 6, but you can also smell the food much better if you breathe smoothly."


当在孩提时代,我们实际上学到的,餐桌礼仪的第一课就是,在吃食物的时候,嘴巴紧闭,同时呼吸平缓。瑞倪是宾夕法尼亚州立大学的机械工程师。他说到:“我认为那样做不仅仅是因为礼貌,同时,呼吸平缓,可以更好的闻到食物的味道。”


The backdoor by which smell contributes to taste is called "retronasal olfaction." And it turns out our airways 8 are exquisitely 9 tuned 10 to enhance that effect.


嗅觉对味觉的秘密通道,我们称之为“鼻后嗅觉”。结果表明,呼吸道通过精美地调节来增强这种效果。


Ni and his colleagues 3D-printed a model of a woman's airway 7, using a CT scan as a template. To track airflow, they laced water with fluorescent 11 particles and pumped it through the apparatus 12, filming the results. They found that when you breathe in, that inward airflow actually forms a curtain at the back of your mouth, blocking food particles from getting into the lungs--a good thing. And when you exhale, air swirls 13 through that cavity in the back of the mouth, sweeping 14 up those volatile particles and delivering them right to the nasal cavity, where you can smell them. The results appear in the Proceedings 15 of the National Academy of Sciences.


倪瑞和自己的同事利用3D打印技术模拟了女性的呼吸道,使用CT扫描作为模板。为了跟踪气流,他们在水内混合荧光粒子,并利用装置抽取水,然后拍摄记录结果。倪瑞他们发现,人体在吸气时,向内的气流实际上会在口腔内后部形成遮蔽,阻止食物粒子进入肺部——这是好事。当人体在呼气时,气体在口腔后部形成漩涡,清扫那些有气味的食物颗粒,将他们送入鼻腔,这样你就能闻到食物的味道。该研究结果发表在《美国国家科学学院院刊》杂志上。


There is a way to derail this well-tuned system: the effect's ruined if you're really huffing and puffing 16. Meaning if you're wolfing down your food, gasping 17 for air, that turbulent breathing actually delivers more of those food molecules 18 into your lungs and less up into the nasal cavity. In other words, your mother was right all along: keep your mouth shut and don’t bolt your food. It’ll cut the chances of choking, and enhance the taste of the meal.


有一种方法还可以破坏这样调节系统:如果你暴怒时,就会摧毁这种效果。即如果你吃食物时狼吞虎咽同时大口大口地喘着粗气,那么呼吸紊乱会将更多的食物分子送进肺中,而只有少量的食物颗粒会进入鼻腔。换而言之,妈妈说的是对的:吃饭时要闭嘴慢嚼、不要狼吞虎咽。这样会减少窒息的可能性,提高食物的味道。



adv.平滑地,顺利地,流利地,流畅地
  • The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作,所以工作进展顺利。
  • Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。
adj.反复无常的,挥发性的,稍纵即逝的,脾气火爆的;n.挥发性物质
  • With the markets being so volatile,investments are at great risk.由于市场那么变化不定,投资冒着很大的风险。
  • His character was weak and volatile.他这个人意志薄弱,喜怒无常。
击、踢、掷高弧球( loft的过去式和过去分词 )
  • He was lofted to a new job. 他升迁到新职位。
  • They measured and lofted the remainder of the crop. 他们把剩下的庄稼过了秤并贮藏在阁楼顶层。
v.呼气,散出,吐出,蒸发
  • Sweet odours exhale from flowers.花儿散发出花香。
  • Wade exhaled a cloud of smoke and coughed.韦德吐出一口烟,然后咳嗽起来。
adj.嗅觉的
  • He is to develop a sensor to substitute for the olfactory abilities of dogs.克罗克将研制一种传感器用以代替狗的嗅觉功能。
  • Based on these findings, Keller suspects that each person has an olfactory blind spot.根据这些发现,凯勒推断,每个人都有一个嗅觉盲区。
adj.彬彬有礼的,客气的
  • Although she often disagreed with me,she was always courteous.尽管她常常和我意见不一,但她总是很谦恭有礼。
  • He was a kind and courteous man.他为人友善,而且彬彬有礼。
n.空中航线,通风口
  • Lay them on their side and ensure the airway is unobstructed.让他们侧躺着,并确保呼吸道畅通。
  • There is a purple airway in London Airport.伦敦机场里有一条皇家专用飞机跑道。
航空公司
  • The giant jets that increasingly dominate the world's airways. 越来越称雄于世界航线的巨型喷气机。
  • At one point the company bought from Nippon Airways a 727 jet. 有一次公司从日本航空公司买了一架727型喷气机。
adv.精致地;强烈地;剧烈地;异常地
  • He found her exquisitely beautiful. 他觉得她异常美丽。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He wore an exquisitely tailored gray silk and accessories to match. 他穿的是做工非常考究的灰色绸缎衣服,还有各种配得很协调的装饰。 来自教父部分
adj.调谐的,已调谐的v.调音( tune的过去式和过去分词 );调整;(给收音机、电视等)调谐;使协调
  • The resort is tuned in to the tastes of young and old alike. 这个度假胜地适合各种口味,老少皆宜。
  • The instruments should be tuned up before each performance. 每次演出开始前都应将乐器调好音。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.荧光的,发出荧光的
  • They observed the deflections of the particles by allowing them to fall on a fluorescent screen.他们让粒子落在荧光屏上以观察他们的偏移。
  • This fluorescent lighting certainly gives the food a peculiar color.这萤光灯当然增添了食物特别的色彩。
n.装置,器械;器具,设备
  • The school's audio apparatus includes films and records.学校的视听设备包括放映机和录音机。
  • They had a very refined apparatus.他们有一套非常精良的设备。
n.旋转( swirl的名词复数 );卷状物;漩涡;尘旋v.旋转,打旋( swirl的第三人称单数 )
  • Swirls of smoke rose through the trees. 树林中升起盘旋的青烟。 来自辞典例句
  • On reaching the southeast corner of Himalaya-Tibet, It'swirls cyclonically across the Yunnan Plateau. 在到达喜马拉雅--西藏高原东南角处,它作气旋性转向越过云南高原。 来自辞典例句
adj.范围广大的,一扫无遗的
  • The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
  • Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗?
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
v.使喷出( puff的现在分词 );喷着汽(或烟)移动;吹嘘;吹捧
  • He was puffing hard when he jumped on to the bus. 他跳上公共汽车时喘息不已。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • My father sat puffing contentedly on his pipe. 父亲坐着心满意足地抽着烟斗。 来自《简明英汉词典》
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
  • The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
  • Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里,大分子裂变为小分子。
学英语单词
absorption reaction rate
abuse of law
acrobatic show
Aleksandrinka
Allo-PBSCT
application workspace
arbitrally
blinking method of stereoscopic viewing
brass watch case blank
Chilean tinamous
cixiid
clap-hand
common laburnum
compartment hot well
compartmentalised
conductivity
contra-cyclical measures
Coquimbo owl
cross platform
cyclotheric sedimentation
dc data set
determinable freeholds
diacetylurea
dicumarols
elasto-aerodynamics
erosional vacuity
erotematic
final thermomechanicaltreatment
Gamu
general most favoured nation clause
glory of the snow
green goodss
gyroso-
hally
haylee
hofners
hydrated stock
hyperthite
idiologism
in the jug
incidental cost
ioduretted
items sample
keep on trucking
kindjals
koevoets
laminated clay
Lasianthus formosensis
leveling off
macro-observation
magmatic circulation
marine windscreen
mGal, mgal
moisture measurer for sand and stone
muscle scars
N.C.
nbcc
nobeliums
nuclenoic
NuLab
on-state characteristic
peritoneal tap
phthioic acid
plate mangle
prends
prevention of collision
prolmon tablet
pyramidal cells
raw mast
reactor coolant system cold leg isolation valve
Regranex
relative-entropy
reliability index of generating system
risto
Rubus chiliadenus
sit down to
solti
standard reference materials
starch ester
static stability margin
stochastic procss
strict secrecy
stupiditarian
superior characters
switching pulse
symbiotic action
synedra undulata
synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer
systematic production of substitution lines
thuggish
total corneal transplantation
total variation decreasing scheme
Tuamarina
twin-screw conveyor
TWTA
ultraviolet radiations
unintentional nonlinearity
unquietous
wassily chair
wax string
y.m