[科学美国人60秒] SSS 2015-12-04
时间：2019-01-20 作者：英语课 分类：2015年Scientific American(十二)月
英语课
Just below the Arctic Circle in northern Sweden sits a town called ?verkalix. It’s home to only about a thousand people. But those inhabitants were the subject of a seminal 1 study in human genetics. The research suggests it that what our parents, or even our grandparents ate, whether they grew up during feast or famine, could actually affect our risk of heart disease and diabetes 3.
It shows that either calorie restriction 4 or excess of the food, can send, depending on the window of your own development, a similar message to the next generation. R. B. a molecular 5 biologist of University of Copenhagen.
That trans-generational massage 6 is send of course through sperm 7 eggs, so B. and his colleagues compare the sperms 8 of thirteen lean versus 9 ten obese 10 men.? And they found that the heavyweights had epigenetic changes to their sperms, meaning additional chemical groups on their DNA 11, which affects how their genes 12 are expressed. And many of the changes were to sequences known to affect brain development, including genes regulate appetite. But the changes were not permanent. Because when the researchers study the sperms of men under weight loss surgery, he found that many of those genetic 2 alterations 13 reversed post-surgery, especially the one in areas related to appetite controlThe study is in the journal Cell Metabolism 14. The big question now is how much those epigenetic changes actually influence the next generation. B. now compare father’s sperms to the cord bloods of their babies to find out. But the finding suggest a mechanism 15 by which our actions, our eating habits, our fitness can affect our children, which might make you wonder what should you be eating. And how long should you be doing push-ups before you conceive your child.
It’s a long road before we know what is optimal 16 for our children. And what may seem to be optimal today, like the partaking a holiday feasting, may come back to haunt your children’s children, like the ghost of the Christmas past.
It shows that either calorie restriction 4 or excess of the food, can send, depending on the window of your own development, a similar message to the next generation. R. B. a molecular 5 biologist of University of Copenhagen.
That trans-generational massage 6 is send of course through sperm 7 eggs, so B. and his colleagues compare the sperms 8 of thirteen lean versus 9 ten obese 10 men.? And they found that the heavyweights had epigenetic changes to their sperms, meaning additional chemical groups on their DNA 11, which affects how their genes 12 are expressed. And many of the changes were to sequences known to affect brain development, including genes regulate appetite. But the changes were not permanent. Because when the researchers study the sperms of men under weight loss surgery, he found that many of those genetic 2 alterations 13 reversed post-surgery, especially the one in areas related to appetite controlThe study is in the journal Cell Metabolism 14. The big question now is how much those epigenetic changes actually influence the next generation. B. now compare father’s sperms to the cord bloods of their babies to find out. But the finding suggest a mechanism 15 by which our actions, our eating habits, our fitness can affect our children, which might make you wonder what should you be eating. And how long should you be doing push-ups before you conceive your child.
It’s a long road before we know what is optimal 16 for our children. And what may seem to be optimal today, like the partaking a holiday feasting, may come back to haunt your children’s children, like the ghost of the Christmas past.
adj.影响深远的；种子的
- The reforms have been a seminal event in the history of the NHS.这些改革已成为英国国民保健制度史上影响深远的一件大事。
- The emperor's importance as a seminal figure of history won't be diminished.做为一个开创性历史人物的重要性是不会减弱的。
adj.遗传的，遗传学的
- It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
- Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
n.糖尿病
- In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
- Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。
n.限制，约束
- The park is open to the public without restriction.这个公园对公众开放，没有任何限制。
- The 30 mph speed restriction applies in all built-up areas.每小时限速30英里适用于所有建筑物聚集区。
adj.分子的；克分子的
- The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
- For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时，分子的碰撞就停止了。
n.按摩，揉；vt.按摩，揉，美化，奉承，篡改数据
- He is really quite skilled in doing massage.他的按摩技术确实不错。
- Massage helps relieve the tension in one's muscles.按摩可使僵硬的肌肉松弛。
n.精子，精液
- Only one sperm fertilises an egg.只有一个精子使卵子受精。
- In human reproduction,one female egg is usually fertilized by one sperm.在人体生殖过程中，一个精子使一个卵子受精。
精子( sperm的名词复数 )
- Sperms fertilize ova in the fallopian tube. 在输卵管内精子使卵受精。
- The gender is determined by the father's sperms not by the mother. 性别是由爸爸的精子决定的而不是妈妈。
prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下
- The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
- The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
adj.过度肥胖的，肥大的
- The old man is really obese,it can't be healthy.那位老人确实过于肥胖了，不能算是健康。
- Being obese and lazy is dangerous to health.又胖又懒危害健康。
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
- DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
- Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
- You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
n.改动( alteration的名词复数 )；更改；变化；改变
- Any alterations should be written in neatly to the left side. 改动部分应书写清晰，插在正文的左侧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code. 基因突变是指DNA 密码的改变。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.新陈代谢
- After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食，卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
- All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。
n.机械装置；机构，结构
- The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
- The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。