VOA双语新闻 - 年终述评：美试图促使北韩重返六

　　The Obama administration's short-term goal is to get North Korea back to the so-called, six-party talks. Its long-term aim is to have North Korea give ups its nuclear weapons program.

奥巴马政府的短期目标是使北韩重返所谓六方会谈；长期目标是促使北韩放弃其核武器项目。

Since 2003, Washington has been trying to persuade North Korea to eliminate its nuclear weapons capabilities 1. That effort has been conducted through the negotiating forum 2 known as the six-party talks, bringing together the United States, China, Russia, Japan, South Korea and North Korea.

2003年以来， 华盛顿一直在试图说服北韩销毁其核武器能力，这种努力一直都是通过名为六方会谈的谈判方式进行的。参加六方会谈的有美国、中国、俄罗斯、日本、韩国以及北韩。

Pyongyang withdrew from the talks last April after the international community condemned 3 its testing of a long-range ballistic missile. It also expelled international inspectors 4 and restarted its plutonium factory. And in May, North Korea tested its second nuclear device.

平壤于今年4月退出了会谈，因为国际社会谴责北韩进行了一次远程弹道导弹试验，另外北韩还驱逐了国际检查人员，重新启动了金属钸工厂。5月份北韩又试验了第二个核装置。

But during the past few months, Pyongyang has sent signals indicating it may be willing to rejoin the six-party talks. This led to the recent visit to Pyongyang by the U.S. envoy 5 for North Korea, Stephen Bosworth - the first high-level contact between Pyongyang and the Obama administration.

不过几个月来，平壤发出信号，表明愿意重返六方会谈，进而促成美国的北韩问题特使博斯沃思最近访问平壤，这是平壤和奥巴马政府间的第一次高层接触。

Addressing reporters following his trip, Bosworth said North Korea indicated it may return to the negotiating table. And he said Pyongyang also agreed to abide 6 in principle by the 2005 accord that calls on North Korea to end its nuclear weapons program in return for security, economic and energy benefits.

博斯沃思在这次访问结束后于12月16号在美国国务院对媒体表示，北韩已暗示可能重返谈判桌。他说，平壤还同意从原则上遵守2005年达成的呼吁北韩终止核武器，以换取安全、经济和能源好处的有关协议。

"They have agreed as to the importance of the six-party process," he said. "They've indicated they would like to resume the six-party process. They have agreed on the essential nature of the joint 7 statement of 2005. The other participants in the process see the situation in the same way. We all want to get back to the negotiating table. But when and how that might come about is something I just can't answer right now."

他说：“平壤赞同六方会谈进程的重要性，表明愿意恢复六方会谈进程，他们还赞同2005年共同声明的核心本质；这一进程的其他有关各方，也对形势抱同一看法，我们大家都希望重返谈判桌。至于何时以及如何能够实现，我目前还不能回答这个问题。”

Former secretary of state Lawrence Eagleburger says the international community must act forcefully with North Korea.

前美国国务卿伊格尔伯格表示，国际社会必须对北韩采取有力行动。

"…making it very clear to the North Koreans that if they don't come back to the table and if they aren't reasonable, they are going to pay a price for it, potentially at least that we will use force to make our views known. There are ways in which we can do that, but we're not going to do that. And it probably wouldn't have international support if we did. So I doubt very much that this administration would be willing to go to the use of force against the North Koreans," he said.

他说：“必须对北韩明确表明：假如他们不重返会谈，不表示出理性，那么就将为此付出代价，至少我们有可能以武力表明我们的观点；我们有这样做的办法，但是我们并不打算这样做；假如这样做了，恐怕也得不到国际社会的支持，因此，我非常怀疑本届政府愿意对北韩人使用武力。”

Eagleburger says the U.S. can try to persuade the North Koreans to come back to the negotiating table.

伊格尔伯格说，美国有能力试图说服北韩重返谈判桌。

"What is it we expect to get out of the six-party talks? And I'm not at all sure that we know anymore," he added. "The whole purpose of those talks, to begin with, was to prevent them from going in the nuclear direction. Well they not only went in the direction, but they ended up successfully [doing so]."

他说：“我们期待通过六方会谈取得什么成果呢？对此，我真的不清楚我们自己是否还知道有目标可言。六方会谈的根本目的，首先是阻止北韩继续走核发展的道路，然而北韩不仅已经沿着这条道路在走，而且走得结果还很成功。”

Many analysts 8 say the road to an agreement with North Korea goes through China - Pyongyang's staunchest ally and greatest source of support in the international community.

许多分析人士认为，同北韩达成协议必须通过中国，中国是平壤的坚强盟友，也是平壤在国际社会中最大的支持者。

But former CIA director and secretary of defense 9 James Schlesinger questions whether Beijing is willing to be tough with Pyongyang.

不过，前美国中情局主任兼国防部长施莱辛格对北京是否愿意对平壤采取强硬立场提出质疑。

"If the Chinese were prepared, seriously, to crack down and seriously to engage in sanctions, I think that that would change things," he noted 10. "But the Chinese have a higher priority, which is to preserve stability in the Korean peninsula and in particular to see to it that the North Korean regime does not collapse 11. They are fearful, among other things, of a wave of refugees coming over the Chinese border. And they are fearful of a unified 12 Korea. And as a result, the Chinese say everything must proceed by negotiations 13 and it's not clear that they are willing seriously to consider major sanctions against North Korea."

他说：“如果中国人准备认真对待，严肃制裁，我认为将能改变形势。不过，中国人有更重要的优先考虑，这就是保持朝鲜半岛的稳定，尤其希望看到北韩政权不会垮。除此之外，中国人对越过中国边境的难民潮感到担心，对一个统一的朝鲜感到恐惧，所以中国才说，一切都必须通过谈判途径解决。目前还不清楚，中国人是否愿意严肃考虑针对北韩的重大制裁行动。”

But former National Security Adviser 14 General Brent Scowcroft sees encouraging signs.

不过，前国家安全顾问，退役空军将领斯考克罗夫特却看到了令人鼓舞的迹象。

"The United States and China are now working closely together with respect to North Korea, and I think that gives us the best opportunity for a solution," he said. "The Chinese Prime Minister, Wen Jiaobao, was there a couple of weeks or so. Now Steve Bosworth has been there. I think we are working together to, if you will, box the North Koreans in so that we have a better chance to get them back on the course of dismantling 15 their nuclear facilities."

他说：“美国和中国在北韩问题上正在紧密合作。我认为，这为我们寻找解决办法提供了最佳时机。中国总理温家宝两个多星期前访问了北韩，现在，博斯沃思也前往了北韩。我认为，我们正在彼此合作，对北韩人进行包围，如果你同意我这种说法的话，以便我们能有更好的机会，促使北韩返回拆除其核设施的轨道。”

Many analysts say the ball is now in North Korea's court. Since Pyongyang has indicated its willingness to resume the six-party talks process, experts say the next step is to set a date.

许多分析人士说，现在的主动权在北韩手里；有关专家说，既然平壤表明愿意恢复六方会谈进程，那么下一步就是制定日期了。