综合英语（一）串讲辅导
英语课
语法这部分主要涉及名词代词、形容词和副词、不定式、动名词、分词、反意疑问句、从句、时态和语态、前后呼应、倒装等内容。
名词与代词
名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两类。 而普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。 其中，个体名词和集体名词为可数名词，而物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。 名词的复数构成通常是在其后加 -s ，但以 -s ， -x ， -ch ， -sh 和大部分以 o 结尾的名词后加 -es; 以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的名词把 “y” 变成 “i” ，再加 -es 。 有些名词的复数构成是不规则的，有其特殊形式。 有些名词在不同的情况下，属不同的名词词类，因此有时为可数，有时则为不可数。 名词的格可分为主格 ( 作主语 ) ，宾格 ( 作宾语 ) 和所有格 ( 表示所有关系 ) 。
代词可分为人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，不定代词，指示代词，关系代词，连接代词和疑问代词等九类。
1. 名词的用法
可数名词除非前面有冠词或表示单数的限定词，否则要用其复数形式。例如 :
lf a boy disobeys the order, he will be punished severely 1.
The teacher firstly divided his students into four groups.
These courses are especially designed for senior students.
有些名词的复数构成是不规则的，如 :child-children ， foot-feet ， goose-geese ， mouse-mice ， man-men ， ox-oxen ， tooth-teeth ， woman-women 等。例如 :
Every fall geese fly over the house.
The dentist told him that several teeth of his need to be filled.
Mrs Smith has three children ， and Tonny is the youngest one.
I think we've got mice in the kitchen.
有些名词的单复数形式是一样的 , 如 :Chinese ， Japanese, Spanish( 西班牙 ) ， Lebanese( 黎巴嫩 ) ， Portuguese( 葡萄牙 ) ， Swiss( 瑞士 ) ， sheep ， deer ， swine( 猪 ) ， fish ， carp( 鲤鱼 ) ， salmon( 鲑 ) ， means ， series ， species 2 ， aircraft ， spacecraft 等。例如 :
The best fish are near the bottom.
When they got to the New World, Spanish constructed their houses with Moorish 3 architectural features.
I saw a white sheep running down the road.
Judging by his language ， he must be a Japanese.
在表示一类事物时，介词 of 后的名词要用复数形式。例如，
Beethoven is one of the greatest musicians in the world.
The Animal Art Festival is being held at Shanghai Zoo ， which is one of the most welcome festivals in the city.
She is one of the three martyrs 4 who were killed in NATO 's bombing on the Chinese Embassy 5 in Yugoslavia.
大多数集体名词可作单数，也可作复数，如： army ， audience ， class ， committee ， crew ( 全体船员，乘务员 ) ， crowd ， faculty 6 ， family ， government ， group ， orchestra 7 ， public ， team ， union 等。但有些虽然是单数形式，却用作复数，如 :cattle( 牲畜 ) ， mankind( 人类 ) ， militia( 民兵 ) ， people ， police ， poultry( 家畜 ) ， staff( 全体职员 ) 等。例如 :
The president said the Chinese Government is paying close attention to developments in this matter ， and continues to reserve the right to take further action.
The cattle were grazing 8 on the meadow 9 near the farm.
The audience were amused by his humorous stories.
My family is far away from the school.
adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地
- He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
- He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。
n.物种，种群
- Are we the only thinking species in the whole of creation?我们是万物中惟一有思想的物种吗？
- This species of bird now exists only in Africa.这种鸟现在只存在于非洲。
adj.沼地的，荒野的，生[住]在沼地的
- There was great excitement among the Moorish people at the waterside. 海边的摩尔人一阵轰动。 来自辞典例句
- All the doors are arched with the special arch we see in Moorish pictures. 门户造成拱形，形状独特，跟摩尔风暴画片里所见的一样。 来自辞典例句
n.martyr的复数形式；烈士( martyr的名词复数 )；殉道者；殉教者；乞怜者（向人诉苦以博取同情）
- the early Christian martyrs 早期基督教殉道者
- They paid their respects to the revolutionary martyrs. 他们向革命烈士致哀。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
n.大使馆，大使及其随员
- Large crowd demonstrated outside the British Embassy.很多群众在英国大使馆外面示威。
- He's a U.S. diplomat assigned to the embassy in London.他是美国驻伦敦大使馆的一名外交官。
n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员
- He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
- He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。
n.管弦乐队；vt.命令，定购
- He plays the violin in an orchestra.他在管弦乐队中演奏小提琴。
- I was tempted to stay and hear this superb orchestra rehearse.我真想留下来听这支高超的管弦乐队排练。
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综合英语